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The significance of NGAL and KIM-1 proteins for diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in clinical practice

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Tomasz Kubrak T., Rafał Podgórski R., David Aebisher D., Agnieszka Gala-Błądzińska A.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2018
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issue 1
28-33
EN
Introduction. Despite advances in medical care AKI (acute kidney injury) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The lack of adequate early renal injury biomarkers is often a problem for an early AKI diagnosis. In recent years, numerous scientific studies have been carried out which reveal new urine and serum markers to assess the period of the kidney injury before revealing its late clinical effects. In most clinical settings, AKI is due to acute renal tubular necrosis which results in protein accumulation in urine. Determination of the concentrations of proteins such as NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) and KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1) are of great significance in the diagnosis of AKI. Aim. The purpose of the study was to review the literature about significance of NGAL and KIM-1 proteins for diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in clinical practice. Materials and method. Analysis of Polish and foreign literature.
2
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Natural and Synthetic Coumarins and their Pharmacological Activity

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Tomasz Kubrak T., Rafał Podgórski R., Monika Sompor M.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2017
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issue 2
169-175
EN
Coumarins are a structurally diverse group of natural substances derives from plants that display a host of bioactivities. In this paper, we will introduce the reader to coumarins and their applications as medicinal substances. The great diversity in courmarin structure will be discussed along with their extensive use as pharmaceutical agents. Coumarins display a wide range of antimicrobial activity and applications of coumarins as antifungal and antiviral agents will be addressed. Other properties of coumarins such as their role in neuroprotection, anticancer, and as antioxidants will also be reviewed.
3
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Combined effect of flavonoid compounds and cytostatics in cancer treatment

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Monika Stompor M., Rafał Podgórski R., Tomasz Kubrak T.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2017
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issue 2
157-164
EN
Aim. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the combination of cytostatics with flavonoids as a promising way to improve the cancer therapy. Material and methods. A review of Polish and foreign literature was performed. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Polish Medical Bibliography. Literature analysis. Effective strategies to inhibit the progression of cancer are needed. Compounds of natural origin, including plant polyphenols, are a part of our diet. Due to their availability, and antioxidant properties, they may serve as efficacious adjuvants in cancer therapy, enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics. Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and supplements, and the risk of all causes of death from cancer. Based on their diverse biological activity, flavonoids may be potential adjuvant therapeutic agents that act synergistically with cytostatics for treatment of many types of cancer. This review of the results is a summary the research on anticancer activity of flavonoids and may also raise consciousness of consumers, who will be able to compose their diet armed with the knowledge of preventive and therapeutic anticancer properties of food ingredients. There is need for further research on polyphenols of plant origin, including interactions among food components that coexist. Another important aspect is to understand how the activity of phytocompounds depends on concentration and the presence of additional factors (e.g. microflore, metal ions), which could possibly make a compound harmful, instead of having positive theraputics effect. Elucidation of the mechanisms involved in biological activity of the described phytocompounds is essential for a better understanding of their influence on an organism.
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Neural tube defects: risk factors and prevention

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Rafał Podgórski R., Monika Stompor M., Tomasz Kubrak T., Dominika Podgórska D.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2017
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issue 2
151-156
EN
Neural tube defects are abnormalities that can occur in the brain (anencephaly, encephalocele), spine (spina bifida, myelomeningocele, myelodysplasia), both brain and spine (craniorachischisis) or spinal column of a developing embryo that are present at birth. They arise when the neural tube, the embryonic precursor of the brain and spinal cord, fails to close during neurulation. Many cases of neural tube defects occur worldwide each year in more than 300,000 newborn babies and are a significant cause of infant death and lifelong disability. Most neural tube defects are preventable. The prevalence of these abnormalities has decreased in the past 20 to 30 years due to periconceptional folate supplementation, food fortification and decreased exposure to environmental factors. Women who are planning to conceive should be informed about the importance of folic acid in fetal development and encouraged to take 400 μg/day of folic acid supplements. Numerous research studies have shown that taking this dosage of folic acid before and during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects. For that reason it is important to increase the awareness of women in childbearing age about the necessity of primary prevention and folate intake which is a strong factor that has wide implications in public health in reducing the mortality and morbidity of offspring.
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