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PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań grafiki pięciu polskich czasopism dla dzieci, ukazujących się niezależnie w drugiej połowie XIX na ziemiach trzech zaborów pod tytułem – „Przyjaciel Dzieci”. Do analizy układu graficznego oraz szaty graficznej wykorzystano schemat zaproponowany przez W. Frantza, analizy rzeczowej ilustracji dokonano zgodnie z typologią tematyczną K. Krużela, a formalnej według projektu opracowanego przez autorkę na potrzeby badań ilustracji w czasopismach dla dzieci. Próby oceny wartości artystycznych ilustracji dokonano w oparciu o autorski model obejmujący elementy składowe przedstawień, a także dynamikę obrazu, ogólny klimat ilustracji, technikę wykonania i wiążący się z nią styl. Wykorzystano także elementy ikonologiczno-ikonograficznej metody analizy dzieła sztuki E. Panofsky’ego.
EN
The article presents the results of the study of graphics of five Polish periodicals for children, released independently in the second half of the 19th century on the ground of three partitions, entitled „Children’s Friend” (Przyjaciel Dzieci). The analysis of the graphic design and layout has been conducted using the schematic proposed by W. Frantz, the factual analysis of the illustrations has been done according to the thematic typology by K. Krużel, and the formal analysis was done using the project developed by the author for the needs of the study of the illustrations in children’s magazines. An attempt to perform the assessment of artistic values of the illustration has been done using the author’s model, incorporating the elements of presentations, as well as the picture’s dynamics, general climate, technique and style associated with it. The elements of iconologic- -iconographic method of a work of art analysis by E. Panofsky was also used.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty badań sylwetek oraz twórczości artystycznej 22 artystów francuskich, których drzeworyty w drugiej połowie XIX w. zamieszczał warszawski tygodnik „Wędrowiec”. Podano, dotychczas w polskim piśmiennictwie nieopracowane, biogramy 7 wybranych artystów: Emile’a Bayarda, Henriego Blancharda, Adolphe’a Gusmana, Henriego Hildibranda, Julesa Huyota, Adolphe’a-Fracoisa Pannemakera oraz Edouarda Riou. W aneksie zebrano dane dotyczące biografii, dorobku artystycznego, liczby i tematyki ilustracji wymienionych wyżej oraz pozostałych 15 drzeworytników i rysowników: Antoine’a V. Bertranda, Hercule’a L. Catenacciego, Huberta Clergeta, Alexandre’a de Bara, A. Domsa [imię nieznane], Gustave’a Dorégo, Felixa-Jeana Gaucharda, Louisa-Alphonse’a Gerarda, Richarda Illnera, Charlesa Laplante, Théodore’a F. Lixa, Eugena L. Meuniera, Alphonsa-Marie de Neuville’a, Alfreda Sargenta oraz Isidore’a J. Taylora.
EN
The article presents biographies and analyses of artistic works of 22 French woodcutters and illustrators whose woodcuts were published by the weekly magazine “Wędrowiec” in Warsaw in the middle of the 19th century. In seven cases (Emile Bayard, Henry Blanchard, Adolph Gusman, Henry Hildibrand, Jules Huyot, Adolph-Fracois Pannemaker, and Edouard Riou), full biographies are presented. The remaining ones (Antoine V. Bertrand, Hercule L. Catenacci, Hubert Clerget, Alexandre de Bar, A. Doms, Gustave Doré, Felix-Jean Gauchard, Louis-Alphonse Gerard, Richard Illner, Charles Laplant, Théodore F. Lix, Eugene L. Meunier, Alphonse-Marie de Neuville, Alfred Sargent, and Isidore J. Taylor) are presented in a shortened form due to space constraints. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first occurrence of biographies of these artists in Polish literature.
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Filozofia i sztuka według Józefa Kremera

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PL
W artykule zaprezentowano przykładowe ilustracje drzeworytowe siedmiu artystów francuskich, zamieszczane w warszawskim tygodniku „Wędrowiec” w drugiej połowie XIX w.: Emile’a Bayarda, Antoine’a V. Bertranda, Henriego P. Blancharda, Adolphe’a Gusmana, Henriego T. Hildibranda, Julesa Huyota, Adolphe’a-Francoisa Pannemakera, Edouarda Riou. W analizie formalnej drzeworytów wzięto pod uwagę tytuły i autorstwo, wymiary oraz umiejscowienie odbitek na stronie pisma oraz funkcję, tematykę i motywy obrazów. Analiza artystyczna objęła kompozycję przedstawianych scen i jej składowe czyli pierwszy plan oraz tło (dalsze plany), a także dynamikę obrazu, szczegóły np. twarzy czy detali architektonicznych, ogólny klimat ilustracji, technikę wykonania i wiążący się z nią styl. W refleksji dotyczącej wartości artystycznych drzeworytów wykorzystano ustalenia Heinricha Wöllfina dotyczące stylu w sztuce, ikonograficzno-ikonologiczną metodę badania dzieła sztuki Erwina Panofsky’ego oraz elementy teorii obrazu Romana Ingardena.
EN
The article presents fourteen wood engravings made by French artists, published in Warsaw weekly magazine “Wędrowiec” in the second half of the nineteenth century. The artists included Emile Bayard, Antoine V. Bertrand, Henri P. Blanchard, Adolphe Gusmand, Henry T. Hildibrand, Jules Huyot, Adolphe-François Pannemaker and Edouard Riou. A formal analysis includes titles and authors of illustrations, the size, location and functions of wood engravings in the journal, their themes and motives. An artistic analysis covers scene arrangement, the components of the foreground and the background, the dynamics of the pictures, the details of human figures and architecture, a general atmosphere of illustrations, their styles and artistic techniques used. In an artistic reflection, Heinrich Wöllflin’s findings on style in art were used as well as Erwin Panofsky’s iconographic test method and some elements from the Roman Ingarden’s picture theory.
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Dwa bałwany rozmawiają o... sztuce

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XX
The text is an attempt to draw attention on the artificially created and overly publicized „crisis” in contemporary art, and related to this, signaled by art critics and artists, the need to redefine the status of the artist, the characteristics and location of art works, as well as the recipient’s participation in the creative process. The pretext for the discussion was a picture of Norbert Schwontkowski Two artists talk about... and also the opinion of Arthur C. Danto, that „the art will always have something to do, if the artists are content with that.” Imaginary confrontation of artistic views of two discussing snowmen does not lead to clear conclusions, which, perhaps, once again confirms our belief that the art, especially the one that has „something to do,” is better to be created than to argued about.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań układu graficznego dziewiętnastu polskich czasopism popularnonaukowych ukazujących się w XIX wieku w Warszawie, Puławach, Poznaniu, Lesznie, Lwowie, Krakowie i Tarnowie. Omówiono charakterystyczne cechy składu drukarskiego, format, rodzaj papieru i farb drukarskich. Wskazano prototypy europejskie tego typu czasopism oraz źródła pozyskiwania tekstów i ozdobnych elementów typograficznych
EN
This article examines the graphic layout of nineteen Polish popular science magazines that were published in Warsaw, Puławy, Poznań, Leszno, Lwów, Cracow and Tarnów. After identifying the most popular themes of the visual material and the authors of most of the pictures and drawings, the article considers the importance of graphics in popular science magazines.
EN
The aim of the project is to monographically describe the history of popular science periodicals that were published on Polish lands until the year 1939. A collection of approx. 200 titles published in the Polish language, addressed to both adult readers as well as children and adolescents, published individually or as part of a publication will be analysed. It is planned to prepare a bibliography of periodicals, which will be the basis for conducting a multifaceted analysis of the studied phenomenon, in the designated time intervals and to detect the differences as well as the similarities that occur during these time periods. A hypothesis has been formed that these journals, that are an important element of permanent learning accompanying the recipient throughout his/her life, have been subject to transformation, both in terms of form and contents. By conducting the analyses, we aim to seek the general regularities that have shaped the popular science magazine market during the studied period, to indicate its determinants, trends, relations with the institutional and social environment and to demonstrate that their setting up was supported by patriotic, educational, practical and cultural making reasons. The starting point for the research will be to redefine the term "popular science journal", in order to eliminate terminology confusion. The next step will bet to create a database of bibliographic titles, which will be discussed in the context of press studies (quantitative development, publishing centres, frequency, publishers, durability, profile, circulation, pictorialness, internal structure) having in mind the political and pedagogical context, as well as the context of cultural studies and the study of science. The picked out typological groups and their main representatives will be described in detail. Studies concerning the evolution of the internal structure, the language and form of expression, the origins of the texts, layout, and the evolution of design as an important element affecting the reception of the presented contents as well as its typology, shall also be included. The phenomenon, namely the evolution of a popular science magazine’s shape, that is the transition from imitating foreign templates to creating one’s own model based on national material and collaboration with Polish scholars, will also be presented. The following methods will be used in the study: the bibliographic method (collection and verification of data), written and formal contents analysis (description of the individual titles and their categorization), methods used for the systemizing and interpretation of press photographs, compositional interpretation, a iconographic and iconological method of analysing a work of art, statistical techniques (comparative analysis). The aim of the project is to prepare a comprehensive analysis of the popular science periodicals of the chosen time intervals. The research results will determine not only the their quantitative development, their transformation in terms of form and contents, but also their functions and tasks in the changing political and social conditions on Polish lands. Acknowledgement of the popular science magazine as an information medium, will allow to acquire knowledge about the scope and coverage of the presented contents, the changes in understanding the essence of popularization and its functions and the level of program tasks implementation. The results of the conducted studies will interest media experts, bibliologists, cultural history scholars, historians of science and literary scholars. The conducted research will fill in a missing gap in the history of Polish press, it may contribute to undertake monographic studies of individual titles, since they have not so far been presented in a monography. This group of magazines is also ignored in comprehensive summaries on the history of Polish press. The faint interest of the researchers, and consequently a little progress being made, was primarily caused by the lack of basic research in the areas of registration and documentation, as well as the lack of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the studied phenomenon.
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