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EN
The paper presents some considerations on the lexical development of Polish. It concentrates on the issues of word-formative enlargement of vocabulary. Against the background of analogy, compensation, and extra- and intralinguistic borrowing, it discusses the possible continuants of feminine names (adjectives and diminutives), and of masculine names of professions that were traditionally reserved for women (e.g. kosmetyczka ‘beautician’, niania ‘nanny’). The paper does not only identify the extralinguistic factors, such as the rise of new naming needs or the phenomenon of linguistic fashion (e.g. structures with the prefix para-), but it also investigates the processes of erosion of morphotactic constraints, and of customary limitations.
Język Polski
|
2022
|
vol. 102
|
issue 2
23-35
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są obserwowane w polszczyźnie wahania w pisowni nowszych zapożyczeń czasownikowych z języka angielskiego. Centralnym zagadnieniem jest sformułowanie zaleceń normatywnych dotyczących pisowni verbów zakończonych w pisowni oryginału na e nieme.
XX
The subject of the article is fluctuations in the notation of some newer verbal borrowings from English. The main issue is the formulation of normative recommendations which concern the spelling of verbs which in the original notation end with a silent e.
EN
This article presents considerations on the function and nature of alternative innovations. They allow different description of reality, associated with different pragmatic connotations of words or with distancing from already existing cultural patterns. The new name focuses on the characteristics desired by language users that are indicated either in the word-formation basis (e.g. spopielić 'to incinerate'), or in the associations related to the primary meaning of the word (e.g. adopcja 'adoption', senior 'senior') or the typical connectivity (e.g. senior rodu 'family senior'). Some examples can be considered contemporary euphemisms, because they help avoid the taboos associated with the prohibition of using unpleasant, incorrect or undesirable words. Their persuasive function is though equally important: influencing the assessment of things and phenomena described and the change of people's attitudes (the fight using names is particularly evident in discussions about spalarnia 'incinerator' and krematorium 'crematory', or about being a person with no partner: osoba samotna 'lonely person', stary kawaler 'confirmed bachelor', stara panna 'old maid', singiel, singielka 'single person'). Such forms were created not only to give a choice (existence of alternative), but most of all to intentionally replace the existing words or connections, e.g. in many contexts, the expression osoba niepełnosprawna 'disabled person' has replaced the words kaleka or inwalida 'crippled person'.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest refleksja nad ewolucją polskich badań słowotwórczych prowadzonych w ostatnich dwóch dziesięcioleciach. Autorki przedstawiają zakres wykorzystania metodologii słowotwórstwa strukturalistycznego, by odpowiedzieć na pytanie o jej trwałość. W tym celu podejmują rozważania dotyczące aparatu pojęciowego, zagadnień podlegających analizie i opisowi w ramach językoznawstwa oraz podają przykłady wykorzystania metodologii w badaniach interdyscyplinarnych.
EN
The article reflects on the evolution of Polish word-formation research conducted over the last two decades. The authors present the scope of using structuralist word-formation methodology to answer the question of its solidity. To this end, they analyse its conceptual framework, issues that are investigated and described in linguistics as well as the application of this methodology in interdisciplinary research
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