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EN
In biomedical engineering, both in the Polish- and French-speaking world, numerous scientific papers are published every year: articles in specialist periodicals, doctoral theses, monographs, academic textbooks, etc. Even a perfunctory analysis of titles and names of authors indicates that these are not translations. At the same time, specialists constantly draw on works written in English. They also refer to them in their publications, thus doing the work of translators (usually unconsciously). The aim of the article is to show how specialists refer to foreign-language works and what linguistic means they use when quoting research results described in a foreign language.
EN
One of the basic features of each scientific discipline is its openness to dialogue and to exchange of research results, observations and views. As a result, each discipline can develop and its field of research gradually expands. What is more, various disciplines can enter into dialogue with one another, which leads to a constant flow of terms. Very often a term coined in one discipline is borrowed by another. This happens mainly when interdisciplinarity comes into play. Although a lot has been written about the topic, from the point of view of both philosophy and language, certain issues are yet to be explained. In the article the author aims at examining terms borrowed by biomechanics, an interdisciplinary field, from various original disciplines such as physics, medicine and computer science. On the basis of her analysis of specialist texts and a corpus of Polish and French terms, the author specifies the disciplines from which biomechanics borrows its terms. Next, the author presents the linguistic determinants of the points of view assumed by researchers. This part is devoted solely to terms borrowed from anatomy, because they are the best illustration of the change in the point of view we can observe within an interdisciplinary field.
EN
Colour as a subject has led to numerous studies in various disciplines (such as physics, psychology, chemistry or history of art, to name a few). In the field of linguistics, the names of colours have been analysed from different points of view but all those works concerned mostly the words related to colours used in the general language. The aim of the present paper is to focus on the terms related to colours used in history of art texts, and to show the unexpected complexity of such terminology. After presenting the definitions of colour we will describe two different aspects of French terminology related to colour: firstly, the forms of terms from the point of view of their morphological and semantic motivation, and secondly, the cultural and historical reasons of such linguistic abundance and complexity of the colours’ terminology.
EN
The colour in art is a complicated issue that concerns not only art historians, but also chemists, who prepare new pigments, and painters themselves. The body of texts related to colours in art is thus extremely diversified. The aim of this article is to verify how terms relating to “perceived” colours and the “material” colours (the pigments) can function in specialised texts. Adopting the point of view represented by the theory underlying the existence of different variations in terminology (so-called théorie variationniste de la terminologie) we study the morphology and the syntax of colour terms. Our main goal is to verify the hypothesis stating that not only the choice of terms, but also their insertion in a right context depends on the degree of specialisation of the given text. The article is an attempt to characterize the different types of texts in their terminological layer.
PL
Kolor w sztuce stanowi bardzo złożone zagadnienie, którym zajmują się nie tylko historycy sztuki, ale również chemicy opracowujący nowe pigmenty czy wreszcie sami malarze. Zbiór tekstów traktujących o kolorach w sztuce jest więc niezwykle różnorodny. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest sprawdzenie, w jaki sposób w zebranych tekstach mogą funkcjonować terminy odnoszące się do kolorów „postrzeganych” i do kolorów „materialnych” (czyli do pigmentów). Wychodząc z punktu widzenia teorii kładącej nacisk na istnienie wariantów w terminologii (tzw. théorie variationniste de la terminologie), przyjrzymy się zarówno cechom morfologicznym tych terminów, jak i ich funkcjonowaniu składniowemu w badanych tekstach. Nadrzędnym celem jest weryfikacja hipotezy, zgodnie z którą nie tylko wybór terminów, ale również ich osadzenie w odpowiednim kontekście są uzależnione od stopnia specjalizacji danego tekstu. Artykuł ten jest zarazem próbą zarysowania charakterystyki poszczególnych typów tekstów w ich warstwie terminologicznej.
FR
La problématique de la couleur dans l’art constitue un sujet très vaste qui occupe non seulement les historiens de l’art, mais aussi, notamment, les chimistes qui fournissent de nouveaux pigments ou les peintres. Les textes qui traitent de la thématique des couleurs dans l’art sont donc extrêmement variés. Notre but est de vérifier comment, dans les textes spécialisés, peuvent fonctionner les termes relatifs aux couleurs « perçues » et aux couleurs « matières » (c’est-à-dire aux pigments). Partant du point de vue de la théorie variationniste de la terminologie, nous dégageons les traits morphologiques de ces termes et nous étudions leur fonctionnement syntaxique dans les textes. Notre but principal est de voir si le degré de spécialisation d’un texte peut déterminer non seulement le choix des termes utilisés mais aussi leur apparition dans un contexte prédéfini. Cet article se pose également comme objectif de relever les caractéristiques de ces différents textes du point de vue terminologique.
EN
Ferdinand de Saussure is considered as the father of contemporary lingustics. Without questioning this statement I would like to concentrate on terms related to his theory and their Polish equivalents. In the first place the extratextual context in which the saussurean terms appear will be described. Secondly I will examine more precisely the ways the French terminology related to de Saussure’s theory is translated/introduced into Polish. The article is therefore an attempt to investigate the specificity of linguistics terms and the major obstacles that appear when translating those terms in a foreign language.
FR
Ferdinand de Saussure est considéré comme le père de la linguistique contemporaine. Sans nier cette constatation il sera question de se pencher sur les termes liés à sa théorie et leurs équivalents polonais. Après avoir présenté le contexte extratextuel dans lequel apparaissent les termes saussuriens, j’examinerai plus en détails les façons dont la terminologie française est traduite/ introduite en langue polonaise. Cette analyse sera ainsi l’occasion d’examiner quelle est la spécificité des termes utilisés en linguistique, et quels peuvent être les obstacles principaux à leur transmission dans une langue étrangère.
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