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XX
The Babylonian Judaism, that has formed the Babylonian Gemara to the Mishnah, came into contact mainly with the Syriac Christianity. The Syriac language, which were used there belongs with Mandaic and Aramaic of the Babylonian Talmud to the same group of the Eastern Aramaic dialects. Undoubtedly this situation has facilitated contact and exchange of ideas between Jewish and local Christian communities. Both the Jewish synagogues and the Syriac churches were using the same text of Tanakh, which was translated into Syriac probably in the Judeo-Christian circles. Thus has the Jewish community known the Syriac text of the New Testament? If so, then in which version: Diatessaron, Peshitta or Vetus Syra of the New Testament? An important source of information about the relationship between Jewish and Christian communities are apocrypha – some developed in the common literary circles. In addition, the Syriac patristic literature, on the one hand, shows the influence of Judaic exegetical techniques or at least its literary motifs on the Christian literature. On the other hand, it reflects the growing conflict between religions. Some features of this literature could have some influence on the development of the Babylonian Gemara topics related to Jesus, Mary and Christians. Thus, the Syrian Christianity was an eyewitness to the gradual detachment of Christianity from Judaism, even in the third century and the disappearance of Judeo-Christianity.
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PL
Autorytet papieski to zagadnienie znane od blisko dwóch tysiącleci. Ile jednak w tym autorytecie jest elementu określanego jako prorocki? Zagadnienie profetyzmu w Kościele – ekklesii – zostało podjęte w dość znaczący sposób podczas Soboru Watykańskiego II. Była to przede wszystkim odpowiedź na problemy, jakie pojawiły się w relacjach mię- dzy ekklesią a światem. Te relacje zaczęły podlegać zasadniczym zmia- nom przynajmniej od końca wieków średnich, a zostały niemal zerwane w okresie oświecenia. Papieski autorytet o charakterze prorockim należy interpretować właśnie w takim kontekście eklezjologicznym, bowiem profetyczność chrześcijaństwa leży u podstaw wspólnoty, jaką jest Kościół. Autorytet prorocki papieża Franciszka opiera się właśnie na tej profetyczności Kościoła. Terminologia opisu autorytetu prorockiego papieża ma swoje źródła w profetyzmie biblijnym. Jej podstawy tkwią w Chrystusowej potrójnej misji, z której jedna jest określana jako prorocka. Ten prorocki aspekt misji jest ściśle związany z nauczaniem, z Nauczycielskim Urzę- dem, który ma swoją bazę w misji prorockiej. Zatem nauczycielski autorytet papieża wynika również z jego uczestnictwa w misji proroc- kiej Chrystusa. Prorocki autorytet papieża to element realizacji zadań ekklesii posłanej w świat z misją. Oznacza odkrywanie problemów tego świata, a przede wszystkim wskazywanie propozycji ich rozwiązań. Wobec świata, który jest równocześnie dany i tworzony, postać papieża, a dzisiaj papieża Franciszka, wyraża autorytet na wzór biblijnego pro- roka odkrywającego wyzwania, upominającego, ale równocześnie dają- cego nadzieję wynikającą z realizacji basilei czyli Królestwa.
EN
The topic of the Pope’s authority has been known for nearly two millennia. To what extent, however, does this authority rely on a prophetic element? The question of prophecy in the Church – ekklesia – was tackled at the Second Vatican Council. This was primarily a response to the problems that had arisen in the relations between ekklesia and the world. These relations began to change from at least the end of the Middle Ages, and were almost lost during the Enlightenment. Papal authority of a prophetic character can be interpreted precisely in such ecclesiological context because the prophetic nature of Christianity is at the foundation of the community as the Church. The prophetic authority of Pope Francis is based precisely on this prophetism of the Church. The terminology of the description of the prophetic authority of the Pope has its origins in biblical prophecy. Its basis is in a tripartite Christian mission, one of which is referred to as prophetic. This prophetic aspect of the mission is closely related to teaching and the Teacher Office which bases in the prophetic mission discussed. Thus the teaching authority of the Pope is also apparent from his participation in the prophetic mission of Christ. The papal authority of the Pope is an element of the fulfillment of the tasks of the ekklesia sent to the world with a mission. It means discovering the problems of this world and, above all, providing their solutions. In view of a world which is simultaneously given and created, the figure of the Pope, and today Pope Francis, expresses the authority of the biblical prophet, discovering the challenges, expressing admonitions, but at the same time giving hope resulting from the realization of the basilea or the Kingdom.
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