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EN
This paper covers the issue of demographic changes in European countries and their impact on the state pension systems. This author first discusses the current demographic trends (decreasing fertility, increasing longevity, change of age structure) and their socioeconomic consequences. The next section is intended to address pension reforms adopted in several EU member states (United Kingdom, Italy, France, Sweden, Germany, Hungary), their rationale, aims and agenda.
EN
We present results of a study on breeding birds, conducted on two plots situated in SW Podkarpacie (SE Poland). The aim of the study was to investigate the breeding birds communities in the agriculture landscape. We surveyed birds during two early morning controls of linear transects on two plots, in early and late spring of 2011 and 2013. Linear density was 61 ind./km on the main plot and 68 ind./km on the reference plot. Nine bird species were recorded on each plot. The dominant species was Skylark (Alauda arvensis). The observed density of individuals and density of Skylark were similar on both plots, while densities of most other species were lower on the main plot.
EN
The linear transect method is commonly applied in studies of breeding birds, however, few of these studies were published. The main aim of the study is analysis of the breeding birds communities in SW Podkarpacie (SE Poland). We carried out a bird census on three main plots and three reference plots. The study area was mosaic agricultural landscape with trees and bushes, with one transect partly covered by deciduous forest (mainly beech). The obtained results show that the diversity of species was similar while their densities were higher in comparison to the other results in Poland. This seems to result from the mosaic habitats in the study area. In the case of Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis and Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva, the densities were higher than average in the whole country.
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