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Profesor Hanna Konopka (1949–2015)

100%
Pasko A.
Studia Podlaskie
|
2015
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vol. 23
2

SPORT ADMINISTRATION IN POLAND DURING THE EDWARD GIEREK DECADE (Zarzadzanie sportem w Polsce w dekadzie Edwarda Gierka)

100%
Pasko A.
Studia Podlaskie
|
2011
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vol. 19
199-214
EN
Edward Gierek's team made efforts to try to reform the organizational structure of Polish sport. They intended to strengthen central administration of professional sport. Officially, a scheme of the reforms was to be prepared by the Party and Government Commission appointed by the Cabinet. A decision to establish such a commission was made by Secretarial Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party. However, before starting any work on this project, final results were already composed. They were prepared at the Polish United Workers Party's Central Committee's Propaganda Department. The appointment of a collegiate body was to look like an authentic and spontaneous activity of the people participating and working within its structure. After the end of the Olympic Games in Munich, a previous president of GKKFiT (General Committee for Physical Culture and Tourism), Wlodzimierz Reczek, was dismissed. E. Gierek's 'man ' was to administer the office and changes in sport. The office of GKKFiT's president was taken by an experienced party activist Boleslaw Kapitan. The first significant change was the establishment of Polish Sport Federation in 1973, which was to administer qualified sport. At the same time, similar to the times of Stalinism, a role of the Polish Olympic Committee was minimized. In 1974, Moscow was granted the right to organize the Olympic Games of 1980. Professional sport became a priority for the authorities. It was even emphasized in the very name of a new entity appointed in 1978 - General Committee of Physical Culture and Sport. Despite the fact that sport is contained only in the concept of physical culture, the authorities knowingly decided to include this word therein. In the same year, the Polish Sport Federation was abolished. GKKFiS (General Committee of Physical Culture and Sport) officials were to follow the Polish United Workers Party's directives.
3

POLAND'S INTERNATIONAL SPORTS CONTACTS IN THE YEARS 1946-1949 (Miedzynarodowe kontakty sportowe Polski w latach 1946-1949)

100%
Pasko A.
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
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2009
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vol. 7
93-106
EN
Founding of the State Office of Physical Education and Military Defence (Panstwowy Urzad Wychowania Fizycznego i Przysposobienia Wojskowego - PUWF i PW) in 1946 terminated the period of 'spontaneous' activity of sports enthusiasts. The PUWF i PW was subordinated to the Ministry of National Defence (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej), which assured the government's control over the office's activities. The next reorganization of physical education was conducted in the period of domination of the Polish Workers' Party (PPR). Consequently, in February 1948 the Main Office of Physical Culture (Główny Urząd Kultury Fizycznej) was established. This change led to the centralization of sports structures. It also forecast ideological offensive in this field. The takeover of control by the authorities meant restrictions imposed on the sports movement. Thus, the question of principles governing establishing by Poland international sports relations was to be answered. Until the second half of 1948 the authorities had not restricted contacts with capitalist countries in any significant way. Goals which the authorities aimed at through sport overlapped with the goals of sports activists. Both sides benefited from successful performance of Polish sportsmen in foreign stadiums. It is hard to resist the impression that in the years 1946-1948 sports partners were chosen mainly, although not exclusively, with the view of predicted sports benefits and financial capability of the Polish side. The year 1948 seemed to be groundbreaking for the geography of sports contacts. The Soviet- Yugoslav political and ideological conflict caused a change in the Polish policy concerning foreign adversaries for Polish sportsmen. Up till then, whenever possible, Poland had maintained numerous sports contacts with sportsmen from both the people's democracy and capitalist countries. From the second half of 1948 principles regulating the choice of sports adversaries for Poles were significantly changed. They consisted in a cautious selection and putting limits to sports contacts with countries from outside the communist block. Since the time when the PUWF i PW was founded, persons chosen to go abroad were controlled both before and during their stays in other countries. In the following years, and especially in the period of Stalinization of sport, the system of control of persons going abroad and of the regulation of sports contacts was even more tightened and improved.
4

SPORT 'MANAGERS' IN POLAND DURING STALINISM (1949-1956) ('Menedzerowie' sportu w Polsce w okresie stalinizmu (1949-1956))

100%
Pasko A.
Studia Podlaskie
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2010
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vol. 18
223-236
EN
In People's Republic of Poland, similar to other spheres of life, executive posts in sport were also appointed according to the system of nomenklatura. This way the authorities secured themselves a right staff selection, which was based on ide- ological criteria, for key positions in sports administration. Additional warranty of maintaining a 'right-minded' political course in sport was also the system of supervision over local committees of physical culture exercised by PZPR (Polish United Workers' Party) province committees' officials. It appeared, however, that the authorities were not able to solve the problem of the right staff selection in sport. The mechanism of control and management of sport by the above mentioned political party employment apparatus failed to function.What was missing was lack of consistent attitude of the authorities to employing prewar sports activists. In practice, throughout the whole Stalinism period, the authorities failed to deal with 'political enemies' in physical culture. Therefore staff changes made in the sports administration in Stalinism period were not of political cleansings' nature. They were rather demonstrating the application of the rule of 'class alertness' in the staff selection.
5
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Sprawa polskich kandydatów i członków Międzynarodowego Komitetu Olimpijskiego w okresie Polski Ludowej

100%
Pasko A.
Przegląd Zachodni
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2018
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issue 4(369)
61-72
EN
After the end of World War II, the activities of the Polish Olympic Committee were reactivated. In the new political reality this institution was treated by the communists as a „remnant of the bourgeois sport structure” but it was deemed necessary as sport could be used for political propaganda of the system prevailing in the countries of the people’s democracy. Therefore, the Kremlin accepted an invitation to participate in the International Olympic Committee and, consequently, in the Olympic Movement. The membership of Poles in the IOC was an important element of this participation. Formally, the IOC was governed by the principle of „reverse” membership. IOC members were therefore representatives of organizations in the countries from which they came. However, in accordance with the assumptions of the communists, IOC members from Poland were expected to be trusted people of the people’s power, in order to shape the profile of the IOC together with their counterparts from other countries of people’s democracy. The communists made unsuccessful attempts to introduce such persons to the IOC several times. It was not possible until 1961 when Włodzimierz Reczek became a member of the IOC.
6

THE POLISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE DURING THE STALINIST ERA (Polski Komitet Olimpijski w okresie stalinizmu)

100%
Pasko A.
Dzieje Najnowsze
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2010
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issue 1
105-120
EN
In the wake of the Second World War the Polish Olympic Committee (PKOl) formally inaugurated its activity on 24 March 1946. Although officially the head of the Olympic movement in Poland was the pre-war sports activists Alfred Loth, and the PKOl - just as before the war - was organisationally associated with the Union of Polish Sport Federations (ZPZS), there was no true continuation of pre-war structures. The ruling authorities were most interested in producing such an impression since it created the illusion of the democratic nature of 'People's Poland'. A PKOl not connected with the ZPZS structures was established on 24 February 1947, a year prior to the Olympic Games in London. Its 'activity' ended on 1 September 1948, slightly more than two weeks after the conclusion of the Games. A re-establishment of the PKOl took place upon the basis of a resolution issued by the Presidium of the Main Committee for Physical Culture (GKKF) on 1 June 1950. For all practical purposes, the authorities regarded the PKOl as an inconvenient institution, which after 1948 comprised 'the sole remnant of a bourgeois sports structure'. At the same time, it was an institution without which the propaganda impact of sport would have been considerably weaker. Since without the official existence of the PKOl Polish sportsmen could not take part in the Olympic Games, the work performed by the Committee was limited to functioning in the years preceding successive Games. Throughout the whole Stalinist era the authorities controlled the functioning of the PKOl, in which the retention of a suitable 'political line' was guaranteed by 'representatives of the authorities' within the structures of the institution. In 1950, when the function of the chairman of the PKOl was entrusted to Lucjan Motyka, the communists finally abandoned all appearances of an active participation of pre-war sports activists in managing the Committee. In 1951-1952 the chairman of PKOl was Apolinary Minecki, a Russian of Polish decent, followed in 1952 by Wlodzimierz Reczek. The functioning of the PKOl was linked with the probably only significant failure of the 'people's authorities' at the time of 'introducing order into relations within Polish sport'. The communists proved incapable of introducing their own man into the International Olympic Committee, and W. Reczek did not become its member until 1961.
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