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1

Kolejne znaleziska ozdób z okresu wpływów rzymskich na Pomorzu Środkowym

100%
Rembisz-Lubiejewska A.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2016
|
vol. Tom XXV
s. 261-266
EN
In spring 2009 at Gdańska Street in Słupsk (Fig. 1) a well-preserved bronze brooch was found (Fig. 2). In autumn 2013, in the same area, a fragment of another brooch was discovered (Fig. 3). In winter 2013 at ul. Zaborowska Street in Słupsk, at a depth of approximately 10 cm, a fragment of a bronze bracelet was discovered (Fig. 4). The bronze brooch decorated with three combs on the bow and a knob on the foot (Fig. 2) belongs to the type A.V.96. Brooches of this type are widespread in the Wielbark culture, the Przeworsk culture and the West Baltic culture. The fragment of bronze brooch (Fig. 3) with band-shaped bow, widened foot with a comb in the middle, belongs to the type A.II.41. They are most often discovered in pairs, within burials of the Wielbark culture population. Due to the large number of finds of this type jewellery in Eastern Pomerania, they are considered to be local products. The bronze bracelet discovered in Słupsk is a typical form of so-called ‘snake’ bracelets, characteristic of the Wielbark culture population. Such artefacts were recorded on rich burial grounds in the area of the Brda River and the Wieprza River in the west, to the Parsęta River in the east, in northern Greater Poland, near Elbląg and in the valley of the lower Vistula. Based on the construction and decoration, the bracelet from Słupsk should be included to the variety B of the type III after T. Wojcik. Due to the area of distribution, the bracelets of the type III B are considered to be a local Pomeranian product. Due to the coexistence in graves of the aforementioned bracelets and brooches, these artefacts are dated to phase B2/C1, i.e. approximately mid-2nd century AD. During the field prospection conducted in 2013 in the place of discovery no other archaeological materials of the same chronology were encountered. As far as the single fragment of bracelet may be a stray find, the discovery in a small distance of two broches of the same chronology may indicate the existence in this place an unknown burial ground of the Wielbark culture population.
2

Nowe odkrycia „brązów kujawskich” na Pomorzu Środkowym

100%
Rembisz-Lubiejewska A.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2016
|
vol. Tom XXV
s. 255-260
XX
In autumn 2014 on the surface of a field in Miszewo near Słupsk (Fig. 1) a fragment of bronze necklace and an end of a bracelet were discovered (Fig. 2). The discovered fragment of the necklace belongs to a group of bronze bow jewellery of western type (Fig. 2 A, 3 A). The necklace decoration in the form of hatched triangles with adjoining vertices is analogous to decoration on jewellery from hoards discovered primarily in Kuyavia. The end of the bracelet belongs to spiral ornaments with slightly tapered ends (Fig. 2 B, 3 B). Bracelets decorated with groups of vertical lines separated by arches filled with diagonal lines, are known primarily from hoards in Kuyavia. Both the aforementioned spiral bracelet and the bow necklace, beside anklets and pins with two or four spiral discs are considered to be products typical of Stanomin metallurgical centre, where they were produced during the Hallstatt D period (Kostrzewski 1955, p. 206; Cofta-Broniewska 1996, pp. 55-56, 80). Hoards consisting of Stanomin products are found in Kuyavia, Mazovia, Lesser Poland, south-western Greater Poland, Western Pomerania, beyond the Elbe River in the area of Halle and Jutland (Szamałek 2009, pp. 132-133, 152, Fig. 73). Finds of ornaments of this kind in central Pomerania are rare.
3

Surowce krzemienne w życiu wspólnot łużyckich pól popielnicowych na przykładzie osady w Rudzie, pow. Grudziądz, woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, stanowisko 3–6

100%
Rembisz-Lubiejewska A.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2017
|
vol. Tom XXVI
s. 45-70
EN
Site 3–6 in Ruda, Grudziądz commune, is situated in southern part of the Grudziądz Basin (fig. 1), just at the foot of the brink of Vistula Valley, on the flat, vast headland, sloping towards the river. The motorway Investigations Team at the Institute of Archaeology Nicolas Copernic University, during their research in years 2000–2002, found some evidence of settlement from the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman Period and Middle Age. The settlement of the Lusatian Urnfield Culture (exist here at late Bronze Age to early periods of Iron Age) discovered in the northern and central part of this site, included remains of 50 homesteads composed of dwellings of different purpose as well as pits of various functions. Archaeological material from the site is represented by abundant set of ceramic dishes fragments (fig. 2), dishes and ornaments of bronze, metallurgical clay casting moulds (fig. 3), amber as well as tools of stone and flint (fig. 4-11). In 56 features dated to late Bronze Age and early Iron Age 129 flint products and 36 flint natural materials (fig. 4-11) were found. These contains scaled pieces and splintered chips mainly, 30 per cent were flakes and production waste. Flint tools and blades were rare. Decisive majority of the flint artefacts acquired on site were made of erratic, Baltic flint; they were present in all morphologic groups. Less numerous were Pomerania flint artefacts. Only 3 specimens were made of chocolate flint. Subsequent 91 flint products and 36 natural flint materials were found in cultural layer (fig. 12-14). This group contains flakes and production waste mainly. Pieces and splintered chips were significantly less. Discovered flint knifes so called projectile points (fig. 14d–e) proved the local flint production. Flint items found in cultural layer can be dated to the Neolithic as well as to the Bronze Age and early periods of Iron Age. But specimens discovered in features connected with Lusatian Urnfield Culture settlement (especially products with traces of flaking), confirmed making use of older flint items (fig. 7g, 8e, 11h, 11k) in local society of late Bronze Age and early Iron Age. In a place or in situation when people were had not an access to usually used tools (for instantiation in the fields or in the forest) they could found old flint tools, used these to mashing up, cutting and stinging and brought to the household.
4

Pozostałości osadnictwa z wczesnej epoki żelaza i wczesnego średniowiecza odkryte w Wicku, pow. lęborski, stan. 2 (AZP 5-34/10)

63%
Rembisz-Lubiejewska A., Rozmarynowski P.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2022
|
vol. Tom XXXI
87–110
EN
During the survey and rescue research carried out in 2016-2018 on site 2 in Wicko (Fig. 1), the remains of settlements from the beginning of the Iron Age and the early Middle Ages were discovered. In total 49 features were unearthed (Fig. 3), two of which are dated to the beginning of the Iron Age and 34 to the early Middle Ages. The chronology of 13 pits was not determined. Source materials dated to Ha C (Fig. 5), although few (eight fragments of vessels, three flint products), constitute an important settlement context for the assemblage of bronze jewellery items discovered at the beginning of the 20th century (Fig. 2). Both the jewellery and the pottery vessel discovered on the site can be dated to the older Hallstatt period (Ha C), which in absolute chronology falls around 900-650 BC. The set of jewellery discovered in the lower parts of the slope could have been deposited by the inhabitants of the settlement in a marshy environment of the Charbrowska Struga branch flowing at the foot of it (Fig. 6). Unearthing of a few features (Fig. 4) indicates a significant devastation of the ‘Lusatian’ settlement during the long-term medieval settlement and intensive earthworks carried out in this area for over two millennia. The described traces of settlement from the beginning of the Iron Age constitute a smaller part of the source materials discovered during the conducted excavations. A much more numerous collection is represented by materials obtained from 32 early medieval features (Figs. 7-8), represented by 363 fragments of vessels, one spindle whorl and one lump of slag. They constitute an extremely interesting collection in terms of forms (Figs. 9-14), decoration and, above all, the coexistence of individual families of vessel types. In the analysed assemblage, vessel forms were distinguished with their equivalents in the families of types AB/Sukow, D/Mekendorf, G/Vipperow, H/Weisdin, J/Teterow and K/vessels with cylindrical neck. Based on the style of vessels within the studied space, two phases of settlement of the studied area in this period were distinguished. The older one was dated from the 7th to the mid-8th century, while the younger one, from the end of the 10th to the mid-11th century. It can be assumed that, together with the neighbouring sites in Wicko and Skarszewo, they form part of a larger settlement microregion limited by the backwaters of the Charbrowska Struga and the Białogardzka Struga (Fig. 15). The central point of the local settlement network was the stronghold in Białogarda that existed in the 8th-13th centuries. In the area crossed by rivers and their tributaries, communication and transport were carried out using stave boats. Several wrecks of such boats, dated from the end of the 10th to the 12th century, were once discovered in Żarnowska (formerly Czarnowsko) and in Charbrowo.
5

Dwa średniowieczne wraki odkryte w 2021 roku w Gdańsku przy ul. Wałowej 35

45%
Rembisz-Lubiejewska A., Litwinienko P., Kocińska M. K., Gomulski P., Muntowski P.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2023
|
vol. Tom XXXII
115–144
EN
During archaeological research carried out in 2021 at 35 Wałowa Street in Gdańsk by the CRA Baltica Sp. z o. o. team under the direction of Piotr Gomulski, in the place of the former gasworks and the remains of the Shipyard Gate, within the flow around the post-medieval fortifications, two wrecks with construction solutions characteristic of two different boatbuilding traditions were uncovered. The wreck Wałowa 35.1 constitutes the remains of a large stave boat (length approx. 15 m, width approx. 3.5 m, height approx. 0.95 m), built using the shell-first technique after 1295 in a local Pomeranian boatbuilding workshop. From the original structure of the vessel stem, T-shaped keel, seven floors, two frames, five strakes of port side plating and six strakes of starboard side plating have been preserved. The staves were connected with wooden pins and sealed with moss. The stem was connected to the keel by a diagonal lock. In the upper surface of the keel, behind the lock, there is a characteristic rectangular hole to be used for attaching the clamps holding the first staves of the shell during the construction of the vessel. In the stem, in turn, there is a hole for attaching ropes to pull the vessel ashore. Inside the structure there was a fragment of a cleat (?), while inside and next to the wreck two bark floats were found. This vessel was used for sailing on the Vistula, fishing in inland and coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. The wreck Wałowa 35.2 constitutes the remains of a small ship (approx. 16.5 m long, 4.7 m wide, 1.35 m high) built using the shell-first technique after 1250 in the vicinity of Lund (Scania). From the original ship's structure survived fragment of stem with an opening for pulling the vessel ashore, T-shaped keel, 8 transverse bonds (including one frame with a keelson cut), 11 strakes of starboard side plating and five strakes of port side planting. The overlapping staves were connected by iron rivets with pads and sealed with sheep's hair. The transverse stiffening elements were connected to the keel by pins. The damage to the hull was repaired from the inside with slats pressed with iron clamps (type C2) and a woolen cloth soaked in tar or pitch. The stem was connected to the keel by a diagonal lock. The presence of a wreck from Scania in Gdańsk, along with other few boatbuilding monuments referring to the Scandinavian tradition, is an evidence of the contacts that took place in the second half of the 13th century and in the 14th century between the inhabitants of the Vistula River mouth and southern Scandinavia. Both vessels sank in the first half of the 14th century in the former Vistula riverbed. After the great flood in 1371, the old Vistula bed was used to create a wide moat, preceded in 1573 by a system of earthen embankments. It was probably during this period that the worn and abandoned wreck Wałowa 35.1 was nailed to the bottom by waterfront construction elements. The remains of the vessels discovered at ul. Wałowa 35, as well as the wrecks once discovered in Gdańsk, Orunia, Mechelinki and the medieval port in Puck, present an increasingly interesting and fuller database of medieval vessels sailing in the waters of the Gdańsk Bay. Diversified construction solutions observed in these wrecks are a valuable contribution to research not only on local boatbuilding, but also on cultural contacts in the Baltic Sea basin.
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