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1

Integracja a transnarodowa migracja wahadłowa (na przykładzie Polaków w Wiedniu)

100%

Mydel R., Fassmann H.

Państwo i Społeczeństwo

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2004

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issue 1

81-98

2

The Re-Emergence of European East-West Migration – the Austrian Example

81%

Fassmann H., Kohlbacher J., Reeger U.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 2

39-59

EN

Since the fall of the Iron Curtain 25 years ago, the asymmetric Central European labour market that was cut off by different legal systems gradually disappeared and has now been replaced by a unified migration space, where the costs for migration or pendular mobility and the wage gain which migrants can achieve are the decisive factors in the decision of whether to migrate or not. Official statistics show that, over the past ten years, migration from the new member-states of 2004 and 2007 to the EU15 in general and to Austria – a country directly bordering many of the new EU member-states – in particular, has significantly gained in importance. This new East-West migration is characterised by high qualification, a concentration on employment-relevant age groups and high spatial flexibility. Migrants are moving if wage differentials are significant and employment opportunities are given and they return or move further away if the labour market loses its attractiveness. The new East-West migration can provide gains for the target regions, for the regions of departure and for the migrants themselves.

3

Longer-Term Demographic Dynamics in South-East Europe: Convergent, Divergent and Delayed Development Paths

71%

Fassmann H., Musil E., Bauer R., Melegh A., Gruber K.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 2

150-172

XX

This article offers an overview of the longer-term migratory and demographic developments in eight South-East European countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Slovakia). The main research question aims to analyse the different demographic historical developments and to examine whether convergent or divergent processes are dominant. Over the whole reference period, the population size in these eight South-East European countries (the SEEMIG region) grew from around 100 million people in 1950 to 122 million in 2011. This is surprising, as the public image of the region is linked to decline and backwardness and to being peripheral. However, major differences in the demographic developments of the countries can be observed. Some countries, including Austria, Italy and, with some fluctuations, Slovakia and Slovenia, experienced constant population growth during the entire reference period. All other countries were affected by a decrease in population, as was the case for Hungary in the early 1980s, Bulgaria at the beginning of the 1990s and Serbia and Romania since the start of the new millennium. The fertility trend shows a convergence while the mortality trends (including average life expectancy at birth) prove to be divergent. The net migration pattern seems to follow a migration cycle concept which postulates a general shift from emigration to immigration as a consequence of a declining natural increase on the one hand and a growing demand for new labour on the other. Some countries show trends that do not yet follow this pattern, which might indicate that additional factors and interpretative models should also be taken into account. The long-term distribution of growth and decline in the region is quite diverse and underlines the need for differentiation and specific explanations.

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2 Central and Eastern European Migration Review

1 Państwo i Społeczeństwo

2 2014

1 2004

3 Fassmann H.

1 Bauer R.

1 Gruber K.

1 Kohlbacher J.

1 Melegh A.

1 Musil E.

1 Mydel R.

1 Reeger U.

Integracja a transnarodowa migracja wahadłowa (na przykładzie Polaków w Wiedniu)

The Re-Emergence of European East-West Migration – the Austrian Example

Longer-Term Demographic Dynamics in South-East Europe: Convergent, Divergent and Delayed Development Paths