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EN
A characteristic feature of the structure of production and consumption of fibres in the world has been steadily increasing importance of synthetic fibres since the early sixties. The industry manufacturirg such fibres is characterized with rapid technical progress. The role of developing countries in production and export of these fibres has been growing recently as well. Meanwhile, the process of production specialization is promoted in highly developed countries. Within the COMECON, there can be observed some attempts at co-ordination of joint efforts aiming at creating a base of textile raw materials. The importance of cellulose fibres tends to decline. Further growth in the importance of synthetic fibresis predicted by the year 2000 although the rate of this growth is likely to decline.
EN
The existing range of cooperation of the CMEA countries in the field of the light industry products is incomparably low in relation to existing needs and potentialities. A relatively low level of mutual trade exchange shows that trade has not been used as a source of bigger differentiation of assortment or its greater attractiveness in their internal markets. Insignificant scope of cooperation of the CMEA countries in textile, clothing and leather products, as well as in other spheres, is a result of barriers to cooperation existing in the CMEA and specific character is the analyzed production sector, which further deepen the existing barriers. In order to overcome these difficulties it is necessary to launch new forms of cooperation based on direct ties among lower-level entities.
EN
The European CMEA countries pose before their trade exchange in the field of textiles and garments a task to supply net hard currency funds in trade with the Soviet Union and highly-industrialized Western countries. This factor predetermines, to a large degree, the socondary function performed by trade as a source of enriching the supply of domestic markets. Increase of / trade exchange among the LMtA countries above the balance indications is restricted by existing barriers. A major barrier to trade increase is the system of cooperation based on coordination of economic Pi ans, which was developed still in the fifties. In order to increase more substantially trade in textiles arid garments among the CMEA countries it is necessary to introduce new forms of cooperation.
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EN
An analysys of competitiveness of polish fabric export on the basis of the price and qualitative method was conducted. This method includes two criteries of judging - the level of prices in export and import and the saldo of sales of foreign trade. On the basis of those two criteries, types of strategies realised by the exporteres are specified. What characterises polish fabric export is a total inefficience in realisation the strategy of underselling.
EN
Currency exchange rates are basic parameter regulating foreign trade operations. Changes in them exert an influence on the level of domestic prices. A currency devaluation may lead to an intensification of inflationary trends. In practice, however, the studies on interrelationships between exchange rates, prices, and production costs were very seldom conducted. In order to grasp these interrelationships quantitatively there was built a simulation model, which can be reduced to a group of linear equations. „ The model Includes direct and Indirect effects of a currency devaluation. It is based on statistical data to be found In the balances of inter-industry relations published by the Central Statistical Office. The computations were made in two variants, i.e. there were accepted a constant accumulation or an accumulations growing proportionally to changes in costs of production.
EN
The Western countries dominate in the world production and trade of carpet products. In the last decade there have not been any major changes in this field. The USA which is the biggest carpet producer sells most of its output in the domestic market. However, Belgium, the leading exporter of carpets maintains its position due to certain stimulating activities. Germany has lately become one of the main exporters of carpet goods, being simultaneously the bigger importer. In the 90’s one should expect growing demand in this sector especially in the NICS and the South and Western European countries
EN
The article contains an analyzis of the problems of concentration. There are different kinds of measurement of concentration in economics. Coefficients belongs to very popular methods. Concentration Ratio, Herfindahl Index, Exponential Index and Gini Coefficients are the most important coefficients of concentration.
EN
This work constitutes an initial part of reaearches aimed at determination of possibilities in field of consolidation of co-operation between Poland, Czechoslovakia, the GDR and Hungary encompassing production of textile and clothing articles and trade in them. The main objective of this part of researches is to determine the present state in textile-clothing industries of the countries under survey and of foreign trade in products turned out by these industries on the basis of available information, comparative analysis. There were analyzed such problems as: - productive factors remaining at disposal of analyzed industries in four countries including especially fixed assets, raw material and labour resources, - production in industries under survey - its dynamics, role of improved labour productivity and increased employment in production growth, volume and structure of production, size of production in more important products, - effectiveness ratios in analyzed industries (productivity of fixed assets, ratios between productivity and capital intensity, assessment of the synthetic coefficient of effectiveness , - foreign trade - volume of import of textile raw materiale to the four countries, place held by Poland, Czechoslovakia, the GDR and Hungry in the world export and import of textile and clothing products, commodity and geographical structure of trade, level and dynamics of trade, mutual turnover, trade restrictions. Tables and comparative data presented in the work contain huge statistical material illustrating conclusions contained in its final part.
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