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Dialog archivistiky a historické vědy : prameny a role archivů

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Čtvrtník M., Miller S.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2019
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vol. 117
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issue 2
381-422
EN
The study intends to build on the one hand on the methodology of historical science and on the other hand archival science, namely in the specific area of the so-called archival appraisal of records, or historical sources. After we focus in the first step on the recently deceased Canadian archival thinker and theoretician Terry Cook (1947–2014) and the theory he elaborated of the appraisal/selection of records called the macroappraisal theory, the author will in the second part systematize several levels on which the future potential importance of the historical sources will be constituted and from which it is also possible to interpret. The study concludes with the author’s proposed conception of the so-called “archival hermeneutic circle” as one of the outcomes of reflections on the relationship between historical and archival science.
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Historické prameny v utajovaném režimu

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Čtvrtník M., Linhartová A.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2018
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vol. 116
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issue 4
1012-1058
EN
Records classified under the regime of security classification at its very origins represent an important part of future historical resource materials. Their information contents and evidential value in terms of quality are in many cases over and above the standard even for the historical science. For this reason, the historical science should pursue most diligently the fortunes of records under the regime of classification, including currently emerging documents. The phenomenon of classified records and access to them is, however, crucially relevant for the civic society and, in general, for the maintenance of fundamental democratic orders. In the Czech Republic there has not practically been held any discussion about the institution of classified documents. How do the secret services, for example, handle their records? Are they destroyed willfully? Are these records kept classified for a long time and unnecessarily? The Czech legal system does not exert any real pressure to have the materials, which were once classified, released. Does this state of affairs represent a potential threat to a democratic and free society? The following study will focus on the subject matter of the institution of records security classification and their declassification in some countries with developed democratic orders and advanced archival systems, in particular in the USA and United Kingdom, and to some extent in France and Germany also, while simultaneously addressing the historical development of this institution in the second half of the 20th century. It will also pay attention to some frapant and well documented examples of unauthorised destruction of classfied records.
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Právo veřejnosti na dokumenty v USA a Francii : Soudobé historické prameny a proměna role veřejných archivů ve 21. století

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Čtvrtník M.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2017
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vol. 115
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issue 4
959-982
EN
The following study aims to define, describe and to demonstrate in selected real examples the tendency, which it has detected in the relation of advanced, democratic societies, towards the documents and resources of primarily oficial provenance, namely by the supreme representatives of public power. The tendency, according to the proposed thesis of this study, relies on the gradual implementation and enforcement of society’s claim to the ownership and access to writings, records, documents and historical resources of oficial provenance, in particular those by the supreme represenatives of the state. this contribution will also document the existence of this trend by outlining some legislative changes which have occurred since the middle of the 20th century up to the present day. Using this trend, this study aims to demonstrate, among others, the above and in what means some basic democratic mechanisms can implement themselves and further develop in relation to documents, textual and nontextual resources, namely on the part of historians, archivists and other persons participating in the administration of the documents of oficial provenance and future potential resources and of the whole of society. This contribution intends to outline the important and ever progressive transformation of public archives in recent decades as one of the crucial consequences thereof.
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