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Synteza tematyki opętania i egzorcyzmu w dziełach Sulpicjusza Sewera

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Pochwat J.
Tarnowskie Studia Teologiczne
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2012
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vol. 31
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issue 1
EN
This article contains thoughts of Sulpicius Severus (ca 360–420) with regard to the influence of evil spirits on man. Based on the knowledge of St. Martin of Tours, who had much to do with demons. Sulpicius presented a number of human cases of demonic possession by an evil spirit. Most cases he described were about man’s release from possession.Sulpicius Severus was demonstrating that when Satan masters a man he takes away his freedom, a fundamental value, which comes from God. In the face of the numerous cases of enslavement of people by Satan, God’s intervention was needed. Sulpicius was convinced that God has equipped some people to be exorcists, with the gift of releasing the possessed from the power of the devil.
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Nauka o szatanie i demonach w ujęciu Sulpicjusza Sewera

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Pochwat J.
Polonia Sacra
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2012
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vol. 16
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issue 2
EN
This article presents the teaching of Sulpicius Severus († ca 360–420) on the spirits’ wickedness on the basis of his literary works. The author takes for granted the existence of angels – good, pure spirits, and demons – evil, unclean spirits. He points out that both the pagan temples and other objects of worship as well as the cult associated with them are a dangerous thing and clearly indicate the worship of Satan by pagans. Convinced of the real presence of Satan, he warns against the smartness and deviousness of the spirit of iniquity, and presents the examples of their real impact on people. Looking at his statements on the devil we should pay attention to the fact that Sulpicius Severus tells of the coming of the Antichrist, and he inextricably links this fact with the persecution of Christians.
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Zagadnienie nawrócenia i pokuty w dziełach Sulpicjusza Sewera

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Pochwat J.
Polonia Sacra
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2013
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vol. 17
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issue 1
EN
In his writings, Sulpicius Severus (360–420) urged his readers to repentance, so they would not expose themselves to eternal damnation, and therefore not remain in a state of slavery in this life. When a lawyer from Bordeaux encourages penance, He pays special attention to the fact that sin calls for the right punishment. Despite this, Sulpicius is a man full of Christian optimism and he emphasizes mercy that God only offers to those people who admit their sins and undertake an appropriate penance.A striking feature of the Sulpicius message on conversion and penance is that a monk of Aquitaine continually shows the figure of St. Martin. Although he writes that the miracles of driving out demons are performed by the power of the cross of Christ, and that repentance is the work of Jesus’ grace and steadfast faith and trust in God’s help, it seems that for him the person of St. Martin is in the first place, not the Son of God Jesus Christ.
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Cyryl Aleksandryjski, Komentarz do Pierwszego Listu św. Pawła do Koryntian, z języka greckiego, syryjskiego i armeńskiego przełożył, wstępem i objaśnieniami opatrzył Konrad F. Zawadzki, Edycja Świętego Pawła, Częstochowa 2022, ss. 261

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Pochwat J.
Vox Patrum
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2022
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vol. 84
181-184
EN
Review of the book: Cyryl Aleksandryjski, "Komentarz do Pierwszego Listu św. Pawła do Koryntian", z języka greckiego, syryjskiego i armeńskiego przełożył, wstępem i objaśnieniami opatrzył Konrad F. Zawadzki, Edycja Świętego Pawła, Częstochowa 2022, pp. 261.
PL
Recenzja książki: Cyryl Aleksandryjski, "Komentarz do Pierwszego Listu św. Pawła do Koryntian", z języka greckiego, syryjskiego i armeńskiego przełożył, wstępem i objaśnieniami opatrzył Konrad F. Zawadzki, Edycja Świętego Pawła, Częstochowa 2022, ss. 261.
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Eschatologia w pismach św. Faustyny

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Pochwat J.
Polonia Sacra
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 2
EN
Sister Faustina Helena Kowalska (1905–1938), the Secretary of Divine Mercy discovered the richness of the eschatological mystery, showing heaven, purgatory, hell, along with the perspective of Parousia and abundance of the Communion of Saints. These truths, invariably proclaimed in the Catholic Church for centuries. Faustina not only strongly believed in them, but also experienced their realities. Her testimony is of great importance to all, both believers and people who do not admit their faith in Christ preached in the Church. The Saint lived and experienced God’s love, which is deeply reflected in the Four Last Things. So it was natural for her to experience the presence of Jesus Christ, who was for her a real, living reality she was experiencing throughout her life.
PL
Siostra Faustyna – Helena Kowalska (1905–1938), Sekretarka Bożego Miłosierdzia, odkryła bogactwo tajemnicy eschatologicznej, ukazując niebo, czyściec, piekło, a także perspektywę paruzji i bogactwo obcowania świętych. Prawdy te niezmiennie głoszone przez wieki w Kościele katolickim. Faustyna nie tylko mocno w nie wierzyła, ale i doświadczała tych rzeczywistości. Jej świadectwo ma ogromne znaczenie dla wszystkich, zarówno wierzących, jak i ludzi, którzy do wiary w Chrystusa, głoszonej w Kościele, się nie przyznają. Święta przeżywała i doświadczała miłość Bożą, która ma głębokie odzwierciedlenie w rzeczach ostatecznych człowieka. Czymś zatem naturalnym było jej przeżywanie obecności Jezusa Chrystusa, który był dla niej rzeczywistością realną, żywą, której doświadczała w całym swoim życiu.
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Chrzest w alegorycznej interpretacji Ksiąg Rodzaju i Wyjścia w homiliach św. Cezarego z Arles

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Pochwat J.
Polonia Sacra
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2020
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vol. 24
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issue 4
EN
St. Caesarius of Arles (470-543) is known as a great preacher, pastor, organizer of church and monastic life in Gaul. He left writings, which are still of importance to us today. The Cesearius’ sermons on Genesis and Exodus preached during Lent, call to mind numerous images of baptism where the stress is set on the mystery of the cross. That teaching on Baptism was addressed to catechumens but also to the Christian community preparing to celebrate Easter. After baptism, Christians should not be falling into sin because by doing this they could become even worse than they were before. Baptism washed away all sins and filled a man with all goods as it outgrows from the Cross, the saving act of Christ.
PL
Święty Cezary z Arles (470–543) to wielki kaznodzieja, duszpasterz, organizator życia kościelnego i monastycznego w Galii. Pozostawił po sobie dzieła, które nie straciły nic ze swych walorów do dnia dzisiejszego. Kazania Cezarego do Ksiąg Rodzaju i Wyjścia, wygłoszone w czasie Wielkiego Postu, przywołują liczne figury chrztu, gdzie nacisk położony jest na tajemnicę krzyża. Było to nauczanie chrzcielne skierowane zarówno do ówczesnych katechumenów, jak również do całego ludu chrześcijańskiego przygotowującego się do celebracji Wielkanocy. Chrześcijanie nie powinni ponownie popadać w grzech po chrzcie, ponieważ mogliby się stać jeszcze gorsi niż byli przedtem. Chrzest zmazał wszystkie grzechy i napełnił człowieka wszelkimi dobrami, wyrasta bowiem z krzyża, z dzieła zbawczego Chrystusa.
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Wybrane aspekty rozeznawania duchów na podstawie pism św. Faustyny

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Pochwat J.
Polonia Sacra
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2020
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vol. 24
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issue 3
EN
Sister Faustyna Helena Kowalska (1905–1938) is one of the greatest mystics of the twentieth century. Her texts recorded in the Diary and Letters are testimony to inner life and mystical experiences. The Secretary of Divine Mercy gave clear criteria for discerning of spirits and dealing with Satan – the opponent of human salvation. The Saint presented the need and depth of the sacrament of penance and reconciliation, which is also the most effective remedy for the destructive power of the evil spirit. She saw the extraordinary action of the Holy Trinity in this sacrament, which was for her a natural and true reality she was experiencing in all her life.
PL
Siostra Faustyna Helena Kowalska (1905–1938) jest jedną z największych mistyczek dwudziestego wieku. Jej teksty zanotowane w Dzienniczku i Listach są świadectwem życia wewnętrznego i przeżyć mistycznych. Sekretarka Bożego Miłosierdzia podała jasne kryteria rozeznawania duchów i postępowania wobec szatana – przeciwnika zbawienia człowieka. Święta ukazała potrzebę i głębię sakramentu pokuty i pojednania, który jest zarazem najskuteczniejszym remedium na niszczycielską siłę ducha złego. Ona dostrzegała niezwykłe działanie Trójcy Przenajświętszej w tym sakramencie, co było dla niej naturalną i realną rzeczywistością, której doświadczała w całym swoim życiu.
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Oblicza śmierci człowieka w myśli Sulpicjusza Sewera

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Pochwat J.
Vox Patrum
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2017
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vol. 67
509-522
EN
Sulpicius Severus (c. 360-420) was interested in various cases of human death. Although he do not deny that Christ is the one who alone can save man from death, he does not emphasize this truth either. He is mainly interested in wonders, extraordinary events linked mostly with St. Martin of Tours who was his friend. These miracles performed by Martin had their source in God’s power, but the way they are described places Martin in the centre and presents him as the main character. In this way, Sulpicius brings in a new style of writing, hagio­graphic literature where though God is the most important, the reader gets the impression that the central figure is a saint. Even though miracles happen by the power of God, one gets the impression that they are the result of the holy man’s efforts and merits. Sulpicius Severus considers death, caused by various ways and experienced for different reasons, is the greatest misfortune of man. He describes many examples related to the phenomenon of death. He talks about the death penalty. Although he mentions death as turning away from God, he does not mean eternal death, but rather its temporal consequences such as deprivation of freedom and falling into a state of slavery.
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Zło i grzech w nauczaniu Sulpicjusza Sewera

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Pochwat J.
Vox Patrum
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2014
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vol. 62
443-456
EN
Sulpicius Severus (c. 360-420) was aware of the enormity of evil that people commit. He kept reminding, that the source of this situation is the sin of the first couple, Adam and Eve. A human being took side of Satan rather than God, and consequently developed all kinds of sins of disorder in a delicate field of human sexuality, various vices, murders and wars. Everyone commits sins, no matter who he is and what he does in life. Sulpicius Severus emphasized the truth that sin means disaster, loss of the most important values of freedom and happiness in God. An important feature in the teaching of Sulpicius Severus is his approach to the pagans and heretics. Both of them are treated by him as those who are under the influence of Satan; pagans – because by worshiping idols they venerate de­mons, and heretics – because by preaching false doctrines they submit to the spirit of lies, that is the spirit of Satan.
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Obraz Maryi u św. Hieronima w jego "Komentarzu do Ewangelii według św. Mateusza"

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Pochwat J.
Vox Patrum
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2012
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vol. 57
505-519
EN
According to St Jerome (347-420) there is an unbreakable link between Mary and life, as well as the plans of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. She is chosen by God for the role that he has assigned her. St Jerome presents Mary as a woman and a virgin. He shows the fatherhood of God in relation to Jesus and excludes the physical fatherhood of Joseph. While giving to Mary the task that is beyond human abilities, God provides help in the person of a righteous man to be her husband and the foster father of His Son, Jesus. Jerome also shows God’s concern for the dignity of marriage and the family, in their natural dimension (the union between a man and a woman only). Basing this on the Scripture and the way of expression in Hebrew, he rejects the hypothesis of the brothers and sisters of Jesus. St. Jerome knows very well the results of Scripture research as well as other writings - Apocrypha. He rejects the opinions of the Marcionites and the Manicheans. He stresses the reality of the incarnation of Jesus, the Son of God and emphasizes the virginity of Mary. In modern times, the Commentary on the gospel according to Mathew by St Jerome invites us to a deeper reflection on en­gagement, marriage and virginity, maternity and paternity as well as trust in God and confidence between spouses.
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Złe duchy – diabeł i demony na podstawie "Homilii o Księdze Psalmów" Orygenesa-Hieronima

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Pochwat J.
Vox Patrum
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2013
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vol. 59
129-150
EN
According to the researchers, Origen († 254) was the author of the Homilies on the Book of Psalms, whereas Jerome († 420) was their translator into Latin. Based on the above work, we have determined who are the devil and demons. These spirits of wickedness, after rebellion directed against God, were expelled from heaven and they stay in a terrible place, in hell. The Devil and his army are doing everything to separate man from God and make him his friend. This happens when man rejects God’s commandments and commits sin. The author, aware of human weaknesses, stresses the possibility of returning to God through repentance and penance. The forgiveness of sins became possible by the saving passion, death and resurrection of Christ. We wish to stress a strong christocentrism in the teaching of Origen – Jerome. Analysis of the text of the Homilies indicates authorship of Origen with the exception of places with information about Arius and monks, which indicates authorship of Jerome or these are only his notes made during translation of the Origen’s Homilies from Greek into Latin.
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Abraham w świetle pism egzegetycznych Starego Testamentu Orygenesa

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Pochwat J.
Vox Patrum
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2010
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vol. 55
535-552
EN
Pour l’auditeur de jadis et aujourd’hui lecteur, la réflexion d’Origène († 253/54) sur Abraham est organiquement liée à un appel à la réflexion, à la puissance, à la richesse et à l’efficacité de sa foi. Cette dimension existencielle de son exégèse homiletique reste toujours actuelle. Le Maître d’Alexandre enseigne surtout comment approfondir les mystères de la révélation inclus dans l’Ecriture Sainte. L’apprentissage de ce savoir-faire est pour lui beaucoup plus important que l’interprétation concrète du texte qu’il présente. Origène tient beaucoup à ce que les auditeurs sachent eux-mêmes plonger dans le texte inspiré, s’approchant ainsi mieux du Dieu vivant. Origène, attribuant à Abraham des capacités extraordinaires de connaissance, révèle sa façon gnostique de penser.
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Wiara i mądrość w świetle komentarza Pelagiusza do Listu św. Pawła do Efezjan

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Pochwat J.
Vox Patrum
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2009
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vol. 53
579-589
EN
Pélage († 420) dans son Commentaire à l’Épître de saint Paul aux Éphésiens montre qu’il existe une liaison organique entre foi et sagesse. L’auteur traite la foi (fides) comme une sorte de don de départ et à la fois un début de la vie chrétienne. Par contre la sagesse (sapientia) – comme la conséquence de la construction de la vie sur le fondament de la foi. C’est pourquoi on peut dire, que la foi est une sagesse de chrétien et la sagesse toujours se lie avec l’acte de foi, autrement dit croire à Dieu. La réflexion de Pélage sur la foi et la sagesse enseigne surtout comment en­trer au fond des mystères de la révélation qui se trouvent dans l’Ècriture Sainte. L’appréciation de la foi et aussi si bien que la foi mûre est la sagesse et décision pour aller en foi aussi décide la sagesse – témoigne un peu de stoicisme de Pélage. Pélage qui prend la foi dans la catégorie de la sagesse, a voulu arriver à convaincre dans l’enseignement contemporain Romain. La sagesse pour eux a été toujours une des plus grandes valeurs. L’étude de son Commentaire, oblige à une rèflexion profonde sur l’appréciation dans l’enseignement contemporain, de la problèmati­que de la foi et de la sagesse.
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Dzień Pański w nauczaniu św. Cezarego z Arles w świetle studium jego "Kazań do ludu"

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Pochwat J.
Vox Patrum
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2013
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vol. 60
245-262
EN
Speaking about the Lord’s Day, saint Caesar of Arles († 543) explains to the faithful the importance of this day and other religious holidays. Going to church has a social dimension and clearly distinguishes Christians from Pagans. Bishop of Arles attaches much importance to the fact that Christians systematically and regularly attend church services, care about punctuality and do not leave the church before the end of the Mass. St Caesar, being an experienced pastor, ins­tructs the faithful how to behave in the church. He shows the difference between Christianity and Paganism. Christians celebrate on Sunday, Pagans on Thursday in honour of Jupiter. He asks the faithful not to conduct any court cases on Sunday and abstain from work. Bishop of Arles put the Eucharist in the centre of the Lord’s Day. He teaches that the Eucharist is true Body and Blood of Christ. He points out that the Holy Communion is like medicine for a human being, for his body and his soul, hence the concern of the Bishop so that faithful receive the Eucharist with a pure heart. A necessary condition for receiving of the Eucharist is to forgive a neighbour.
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