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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ECONOMIC BUDGET OF PODKARPACIE IN GMINAS BETWEEN THE YEAR 1999-2008 (Analiza porównawcza gospodarki budzetowej gmin województwa podkarpackiego w latach 1999-2008)

100%
Strojny J., Skica T.
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
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2010
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vol. 6
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issue 2
76-87
EN
This article deals with the economic budget of local governments units. This paper includes the study of local government units in the Podkarpacie region and the main subject of the article are evolution directions of income policy and government spending in 'gminas' (communes). The analysis of local government finance between the years 1999-2008 emphasizes the changes in the priorities of public spending. Reorientation are not only trends, also the nature of realizing budgetary economy. As a result, it seems a reasonable approach to the revision of these changes.and analysis of their substrate. Not without significance is the impact of legislative amendments to change the financial management local government units. The article outlines the above subjects and the nature of its deliberations in a way that reflects the theme of comprehensive changes taking place in local government finance.
2
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EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL CRISIS ON THE CONDITION OF PUBLIC FINANCES IN POLAND (Ocena wplywu kryzysu finansowego na stan finansow publicznych w Polsce)

100%
Skica T., Pater R.
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
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2010
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vol. 6
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issue 4
36-50
EN
The article is an attempt to diagnose the current condition of public finances in Poland. The authors have adopted the goal of analyzing the impact of financial crisis on the condition of domestic public finances, referring to the results of findings of indexes describing public finance in European Union countries. The article is a view of domestic comparisons of the current situation of public finances against the background of crisis that affected the economy of each of the EU countries. The article evaluates and examines the scale and the impact of the consequences of the crisis on the condition of public finances in Poland, pointing to threats that influence the stability of the financial system as an effect of abandonments to reform of public finances.
3
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The impact of regional diversification in the size of the general government sector on the economies of EU countries

81%
Mroczek T., Skica T., Rodzinka J.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2019
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issue vol. 63, nr 2
65-80
EN
The main objective of this article is proving how the regional diversification in the size of general government sector influences the economies of EU countries. To achieve this, presenting both the size of the general government sector and of the economy, using variables which enable comparison in time and space, is essential. Bearing this in mind, the general government sector has been depicted by nine variables and the economy has been described by thirteen explanatory variables. The complexity of the phenomenon imposes the implementation of an unconventional approach in this field of exploration. Our approach is based on Intelligent Data Analysis (IDA) - a methodology that includes a set of techniques that can be applied for extracting useful knowledge from large amounts of data. In order to indicate the impact of regional diversification in the size of the general government sector on the EU countries’ economies, probabilistic techniques were applied – Bayesian Networks. Analysis made in the study showed that the largest impact of the GGS size on the economy was identified in Portugal and Slovakia. The results of the studies show that the most "responsive" to the size of the GGS variable describing the economy was gross domestic product per inhabitant. The research proved that the economies of some countries showed similarities in the effect of the size of the general government sector on the parameters of the economy. We have identified five groups of such countries.
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest ukazanie wpływu regionalnego zróżnicowania rozmiaru sektora finansów publicznych na gospodarki państw Unii Europejskiej. Do osiągnięcia tego celu konieczne jest zobrazowanie rozmiaru zarówno sektora finansów publicznych, jak i gospodarki – za pośrednictwem zmiennych umożliwiających ich porównanie w czasie i w przestrzeni. Mając to na uwadze, sektor finansów publicznych zobrazowano za pośrednictwem dziewięciu zmiennych, a gospodarka została opisana za pomocą trzynastu zmiennych wyjaśniających. Złożoność tego zjawiska wymaga realizacji niekonwencjonalnego podejścia w tej dziedzinie badań. Podejście autorów opiera się na inteligentnej analizie danych (IDA) – metodologii obejmującej zestaw technik, które można zastosować do wydobywania użytecznej wiedzy z dużej ilości danych. W celu wskazania opisanych związków w artykule zastosowało techniki probabilistyczne – sieci Bayesa.
4
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Stymulowanie lokalnej konkurencyjności gmin na przykładzie podatku od środków transportowych

81%
Skica T., Kiebała A., Wołowiec T.
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne
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2011
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issue 2(44)
92-117
EN
Discounts and rebates in local taxation are a very media-friendly topic, yet the opinions on the stimulating function of taxation are not supported by meaningful research. The article presents the impact of local governments’ decisions regarding reductions in the tax on means of transport on the location of entities subject to such a tax within the community. The article has a multi-dimensional character, as it is impossible to limit oneself to researching a simplistic relation between tax rates and the number of registered payers of the tax. One must consider additional factors, e.g. the location of new tax payers within a community will also indirectly impact estate taxes, CIT revenues, even the additional revenues from the personal income tax paid by employees. Therefore, it is vital to approach the consequences of local government decisions relating to changes in transport taxation multi-dimensionally.
PL
Ulgi i zwolnienia w podatkach lokalnych są tematem niezwykle chętnie podejmowanym przez media, choć często obiegowe opinie o ogromnej stymulacyjnej roli redukcji stawek nie są oparte na żadnych badaniach. W artykule autorzy zajmują się wpływem decyzji władz lokalnych o redukcji stawek podatku od środków transportowych na lokalizację podmiotów nim opodatkowanych w obrębie granic administracyjnych jednostki realizującej taką strategię. Nie jest wskazane badanie wyłącznie relacji wysokości stawki podatkowej do liczby zarejestrowanych płatników podatku od środków transportowych. Lokalizacja na terenie gminy nowych płatników tego podatku wpływa także pośrednio na dochody z podatków od nieruchomości, dochodowego od osób prawnych i ewentualnie dochodowego od osób fizycznych. Dlatego w opracowaniu zastosowano wielowątkowe podejście do badania następstw decyzji władz lokalnych o zmianach w podatku od środków transportowych.
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Data mining approach in determining the relationships between the economy and the general government sector

81%
Skica T., Rodzinka J., Mroczek T.
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
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2015
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vol. 11
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issue 3
1-21
EN
This article is dedicated to a study of the relations between the economy and the size of the general government sector. The main aim of the article is an identification of the most important variables that are used to determine relations between the economy and size of the sector, as well as to identify frequency of their occurrences in relations to pairs of variables which describe an economy and the size of the sector. In order to explore these relations, the authors used Bayes networks. The economies of EU member states and their public finance systems were the object of analyses in this article. The period that was selected for the research covered the years 2000-2013 (inclusive). In order to describe economies, the authors selected 18 variables, whereas to describe the general government sector - 15 variables. These variables were sourced from databases of Eurostat, OECD and the World Bank. Among an economy’s measures and general government sector measures, there were also some benchmarks found (standard and classic) as well as measures proposed by the authors, which had not been used in the scientific descriptions that were dedicated to research on size of the general government sector. Ipso facto, this article fits in the discussion on not only the size of the general government sector, but also attempts to answer the question of whether the economy determines the size of the sector. To date, the research questions on the impact of the size of the general government sector on the economy of a particular country have been common. This article inverts the investigated dependence and its content concentrates on the attempt to determine if the size of the sector in a particular country is a function of its economy expressed by ratios adopted in conducted the research.
6
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The Size of Local Government Administration at a Municipal Level as a Determinant of Entrepreneurship

81%
Harasym R., Rodzinka J., Skica T.
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
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2017
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vol. 13
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issue 2
5-32
EN
This article’s aim is to examine a dependency between local government administration at a municipal level and the level of local entrepreneurship. This paper attempts to answer the question of whether the size of the local government administration has features of stimulant or de-stimulant in the process of setting up a business. In other words, does the size of public administration at a local level (municipal level) have a positive or negative impact on creating new business entities? This is important due to at least a couple of reasons. First of all, the current research achievements are not extensive, when it comes to the publications that link entrepreneurship and the size of local government administration. Secondly, the problem of entrepreneurship determinants constitutes still topical and not fully investigated (or explained) aspects of local economy development. Thirdly and finally, the authors of this article have proposed and copyrighted an approach to the quantification of the size of local government administration, modifying commonly used measures of local public administration. Thus, this article fits not only into the explanation of the entrepreneurship phenomenon and its determinants, but also contributes to the development of knowledge about dependencies between the size of local self-government and the entrepreneurship level. It expands the knowledge resource on analyzed dependencies and re-orients current approaches to similar research.
7
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Synthetic development measure of local administration size in Poland

81%
Skica T., Bem A., Daszyńska-Żygadło K.
Nauki o Finansach
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2015
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issue 4(25)
111-121
EN
This paper is dedicated to analysing the size of local administration. On the basis of literature study, ten variables that define size of local administration were chosen, out of these variables two synthetic measures were created. The sizes of local administration at the level of voivodships were calculated for 2013. The research results show a big differentiation among the analysed units in Poland. Data were sourced from the Polish Main Statistical Office (GUS). Taxonomic methods were used in the analysis – synthetic measures were constructed on the basis of the Hellwig method.
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