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Communal Debt of Polish Selfgovernments Against the Background of the EU Countries

100%
Alinska A.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2004
|
issue 15
57-67
EN
The object of the paper was presentation of the premises and trends of changes in the communal debt in Poland as assessed against the background of the relative values generated by the selfgovernments in the European Union countries. Basic quantities and indicators illustrating the situation of the Polish and the EU selfgovernments were presented. The comparison permits to ascertain that the condition, structure and size of the communal debt of the Polish selfgovernment units are kept on a good level and practically do not exert any adverse influence on the magnitude of the state's public debt. The mean level of the communal debt's share in the whole value of the public debt amounts in the European Union to 8.6% and in Poland to 4.1%. Over the last few years, however, many EU countries were introducing restrictive regulations, together with sanctions for tolerating budgetary deficits in operational activities, which is expected to lead to reduction in the debt value in those countries. Whereas in Poland opposite trends are showing up.
2

SOME ASPECTS OF OPERATION OF COOPERATIVE BANKS IN POLAND

100%
Alinska A.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2007
|
issue 1(33)
131-140
EN
Cooperative banks are the smallest bank units functioning on the Polish banking services market in terms of the value of possessed own funds, the number of employed staff and the scope of activity. However, in spite of this fact, their position and significance on the banking services market is steadily increasing. The objective of this paper is to present the effects of cooperative banks activity on the banking services market, their product and service offer and market position with reference to their biggest competitors, that is, cooperative savings and loan associations and the Bank Pocztowy SA (Postal Bank). This analysis will allow to formulate the answer to the question whether cooperative banks are entities which, in spite of their specific activity and increasing market competition, are able not only to stay on the market but also to strengthen their position in the future. The competitiveness of cooperative banks will be analyzed basing on criteria of the number of local agencies and number of served customers and attained economic results.
3
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Investment Activity of Selfgovernment Units and the Sources of Its Financing

100%
Alinska A.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2003
|
issue 10
89-97
EN
The implementation of investment activity of the territorial selfgovernment units in Poland encounters many obstacles and difficulties, among which the most significant is the fact of limited own resources of moneymeans which can be assigned for this purpose by the local selfgovernments. This causes a systematic limitation of the number and scope of implemented investment enterprises, especially in the scope of the infrastructure. The use of hitherto traditional methods and instruments of financing investment activity in the form of bank credits, loans and the emission of communal obligations encounters many formal, legal and organizational limitations, and also comprises a source of generating additional costs. Hence there appear proposals of considering the possibility of implementing investment enterprises in the form of public - private enterprises. However their full implementation in Poland requires the introducing of considerable legal-organizational changes in such a scope so as to eliminate the dangers and disadvantageous effects and to concentrate mainly on the positive aspects of using this form of financing investment activity.
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