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EN
As traditional studies based on the relation between group characteristics and its effectiveness fail to explain Top Management Teams performance, the role of group dynamic is becoming more and more significant in analyzing Board’s results. Dynamic models based on group processes, such as effort norms, cognitive conflict and ability to use knowledge and skills, relate indirectly group characteristics with group effectiveness. The article presents the concept of group dynamics and chosen models of TMT’s group processes. Apart from describing theoretical aspects of the problem, it concerns methods of studying group dynamic and the need for their development.
EN
The article refers to changes in marketing strategies of pharmaceutical companies. Those changes are due to increased competition on the market, market regulations and environmental conditions. The market of pharmaceutical has become attractive for companies from the food sector. Pharmaceutical companies introduce new strategies for products, brands, distribution, price, and promotion in order to build up their individual positions on the market. Apart from the changes in strategies, they introduce new marketing instruments to achieve their market goals.
PL
W artykule omówiono zmiany w strategiach marketingowych przedsiębiorstw farmaceutycznych. Zmiany te wynikają z nasilającej się konkurencji rynkowej, uregulowań rynku oraz warunków otoczenia. Atrakcyjność rynku farmaceutycznego przyciąga przedsiębiorstwa branży żywnościowej. Firmy farmaceutyczne wdrażają nowe strategie produktu, marki, dystrybucji, cen i promocji, aby budować własną pozycję rynkową. Obok zmian w strategiach wprowadzają nowe instrumenty marketingowe dla realizacji swoich celów rynkowych.
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