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DEATH BY CHOICE IN INDIAN RELIGIONS

100%
Sieradzan J.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
|
2006
|
vol. 7
115-123
EN
The article discusses Old Indian sources - Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist - which raise an issue of suicide and voluntary death of a realized ascetic, understood as the fulfillment of life full of sacrifice. Also, the paper presents contemporary opinions on that subject. The author understands the notion of euthanasia in its contemporary understanding (as assisting in another person's death) and as typical for these religions way of realization: the decision about 'good death' made by a vigorous ascetic. Also, the author cites contemporary Buddhists' opinions connected with that issue.
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SACRUM AND PROFANUM OR SACROFANUM? CHANGES IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF SACRUM IN THE MODERN WORLD

100%
Sieradzan J.
Lud
|
2006
|
vol. 90
13-36
EN
The article analyses the problems of sacrum as discussed by a few modern scholars - Walter Burkert, René Girard and Hyam Macoby, who link the reflection on religions (mainly Old Greek, Judaism and Christianity) to the data from anthropological and ethological studies. The text also relates on the discussion of the interrelation between sacrum and profanum as analysed by classical scholars, and promotes the concept of sacrofanum, which is the modern reference to the questions discussed in the article. When looking for the sources of the concept of sacrum the author makes references to the study on primacy. The text also touches upon the relations between the experience of sacrum and madness. In the modern world the border between sacrum and profanum is liminal, while man lives in sacrofanum where everything is (or can be) a sacral element.
3
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ON THE RELATIVITY OF THE CONCEPTS OF 'MAGIC' AND 'RELIGION'

100%
Sieradzan J.
Lud
|
2005
|
vol. 89
13-50
EN
This is a review of classic publications, mainly English and Polish, written in the course of 130 years (from 1871 to 2001) on the mutual relations between the concepts in question. At the beginning (more or less until the mid 20th century) anthropology believed that religion (mainly Christian, but not only) is superior to magic. However, in light of new anthropological studies, religious and magical practices, introduced at the turn of the 19th century, became more popular. It is emphasized that the division into religion and magic was commonly accepted neither in the Antiquity nor in the 19th century. There was no such division among tribal peoples of the entire world. The division into religion and magic is a later phenomenon. The author quotes a number of sources, which emphasize the similarities and differences between magic and modern, secularized science. The scepticism, expressed in the title, reflects the opinion that despite efforts made by a few generations of authors, so far no scholar has managed to satisfactorily identify evident and unquestionable differences between what is usually believed to be religion and what is usually believed to be magic. H.S. Versnel's opinion, who said that neither magic nor religion exists, must be corroborated. What we have is only our definition of these concepts.
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HUMAN LIFE AND INSANITY: NIETZSCHE ON MADNESS

100%
Sieradzan J.
Edukacja Filozoficzna
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2006
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issue 43
141-156
EN
The article is concerned with the role of madness in the works of Nietzsche. The German philosopher saw many conceptions and human activities as manifestation of madness. These include: happiness, wisdom, truth, faith in god(s), purity, morality, debauchery, virtues, honesty, live, mercy, compassion, power, wealth, marriage, genius, super humanity, conformism, literary activity, idealism, nobility and some religious-philosophical conception. In the end also reason and will were for him symptoms of madness. According to him culture, art and development of civilization lead people to madness. In fact Nietzsche identifies madness with humanity.
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