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PL
W artykule przedstawiono stan i perspektywy rozwoju owczarstwa w Polsce i na świecie. Hodowla owiec prowadzona jest w wielu krajach, a w niektórych ma szczególnie istotne znaczenie gospodarcze. Największe stada tych zwierząt utrzymywane są w Chinach, Indiach, Australii, Sudanie, a w Europie – w Wielkiej Brytanii, we Francji, Włoszech, w Hiszpanii i Grecji. W Polsce od 1990 r. odnotowano drastyczne zmniejszenie się liczby utrzymywanych owiec. Obecne pogłowie owiec stanowi zaledwie około 5% pogłowia z lat 80. Z tego powodu od kilku lat zgodnie z trendami światowymi i równolegle do działań na poziomie Unii Europejskiej wprowadzane są dodatkowe krajowe programy pomocowe mające na celu podtrzymanie i przywrócenie stanu pogłowia tych zwierząt. W rejonach, gdzie od wieków istniała tradycja hodowli owiec, pomoc finansowa udzielana jest także na poziomie regionalnym.
EN
This paper presents the status and development prospects of sheep breeding in Poland and the world. Sheep farming is practiced in many countries, and in some is of particular economic importance. The largest sheep herds are kept in China, India, Australia, Sudan, and, in Europe, in the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain and Greece. In Poland, there has been a drastic reduction in the number of sheep since 1990. The current sheep population is only about 5% of what it was in the 1980s. For this reason, and in agreement with world trends and parallel to action taken at the EU level, national aid programmes aimed at maintaining and restoring the numbers of these animals have been implemented in recent years. In regions where the tradition of sheep farming has existed for centuries, financial assistance is provided at regional level as well.
EN
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the composition of sheep milk fatty acids. Milk from Olkuska sheep, Polish mountain sheep, and crossbreeds of Polish mountain sheep and Friesian sheep (75% x 25%) was examined. The fatty acid profiles were analysed according to the month of lactation. Significant differences in fatty acid composition were observed for each breed. In the third and fourth month of lactation, in the milk of crossbreeds and Polish mountain sheep, respectively, saturated fatty acid content significantly decreased while the unsaturated and short-chain saturated fatty acid content increased. In the milk of Olkuska sheep, the content of short-chain saturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in the first and third months of lactation was significantly higher, while the content of oleic acid, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly lower than in the second and fourth months. It was also observed that the fatty acid profile of sheep’s milk in the first two months of lactation was similar.
PL
Na rynku jest coraz więcej nowych materiałów opakowaniowych i opakowań, które mają zastosowanie w branży mleczarskiej. W literaturze pojawiają się informacje o przydatności poszczególnych materiałów opakowaniowych do mleka ze względu na interakcje zachodzące między opakowaniem a produktem. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań ankietowych dotyczących postaw i zachowań konsumentów wobec dostępnych na rynku rodzajów opakowań mleka oraz ich wpływu na jakość zapakowanego produktu. Wyniki badań ankietowych wykazały, że konsumenci są świadomi wpływu materiałów opakowaniowych na produkt. Zdecydowana większość respondentów zadeklarowała, że opakowanie ma istotny wpływ na jakość mleka. Respondenci są świadomi roli, jaką odgrywa opakowanie w sprzedaży w sklepach samoobsługowych („niemy sprzedawca”).
EN
There are more and more new packaging materials and forms of packaging used in the dairy industry. At the same time the literature offers reports on the usefulness of individual packaging materials for milk on the basis of package-product interaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the opinions of consumers with regard to products and their packaging. The article presents the results of surveys on the attitudes and behaviour of consumers towards commercially available types of packaging for milk and their impact on the quality of the packaged product. The results of the survey showed that consumers are aware of the impact packaging materials have on the product. The vast majority of respondents indicated that packaging has a significant impact on milk quality. Of course they are aware of the role packaging plays in self-service stores (“the silent salesperson”).
EN
The study presents current Polish and European legislation on organic agriculture, describes the history and rules of organic farming, and discusses both the essential requirements that must be fulfilled by organic producers and how organic products should be labelled. The paper uses current data on the size of organic land and the number of organic producers in Poland and worldwide. Finally, it also looks at the prospects for future development of organic farming.
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