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Sickness absence in workplaces: Does it reflect a healthy hire effect?

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Nordström K., Hemmingsson T., Ekberg K., Johansson G.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2015

vol. 29

issue 2

315-330

Objectives Sickness absence in workplaces may reflect working conditions. It may also reflect a “healthy hire effect,” i.e., that workplaces recruit individuals with experience of sickness absence differently. The purpose of the study was to determine if a history of sickness absence among recruits is associated with the average level of sickness absence in workplaces. Material and Methods In a register-based follow-up study, Swedish workplaces with at least 5 employees in 2006 were selected (approximately 127 000 workplaces with 3.9 million employees). The workplaces were categorized according to the average workplace sickness absence in 2006 and the recruits were categorized according to the individual sickness absence in 2005. The workplaces with a high average level of sickness absence were more likely than those with a low level to hire employees with high sickness absence in the year preceding employment: men – odds ratio (OR) = 7.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6–7.8, women – OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 6.9–8.1. Results The results show that there is a greater likelihood of employing individuals with high levels of sickness absence in the workplaces with many days of the average sickness absence than in the workplaces with few days of the average sickness absence. Conclusions The results suggest that sickness absence in workplaces may reflect a healthy hire effect.

Association between adjustment latitude and sickness presence – A panel study of Swedish employees

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Johansson G., Gustafsson K., Marklund S.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2015

vol. 28

issue 3

507-518

Objectives This study is analyzing the unexpected reversed or lacking association between high adjustment latitude and sickness presence by examining whether it is due to confounding. Material and Methods Questionnaires were sent in 2004 and 2005 to a cohort of individuals aged 25–50 years, selected from the Statistics Sweden’s register of the Swedish population. Information from 2397 individuals who answered both questionnaires was analyzed by the use of logistic regression analysis. Results The odds ratio for sickness presence among the individuals with a low adjustment latitude compared to those with high adjustment latitude was 1.7 (range: 1.4–2.2). This increased likelihood was almost entirely unaffected in the analysis of potential confounders. Conclusions If the reversed association between adjustment latitude and sickness presence does not reflect confounding, it may be due to reporting bias, which may cause problems in research on sickness presence. We argue that more detailed studies are needed to explore the different sources of possible reporting problems.

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2 International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2 Johansson G.

1 Ekberg K.

1 Gustafsson K.

1 Hemmingsson T.

1 Marklund S.

1 Nordström K.

2 2015

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Sickness absence in workplaces: Does it reflect a healthy hire effect?

Association between adjustment latitude and sickness presence – A panel study of Swedish employees