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Mołdawia w perspektywie polityki zagranicznej III RP

100%
Kunert-Milcarz R.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Jana Wyżykowskiego. Studia z Nauk Społecznych
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2016
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issue 9
rb.ujw.pl/social
EN
Poland, as a member of several organizations that emphasize importance of democracy, human rights and rule of law, has substantial influence on formation of international law. International obligations, tradition of democracy, cultural factors, as well as the holistic concept of Polish foreign policy in the East, all influence Poland’s stance and result in preoccupation with support for development of democracy in the region. The following article describes main goals, development and results of Polish foreign policy in the East of Europe, closely focusing on relations with the Republic of Moldova. It is argued that majority of Poland’s activity in the described field is carried out in form of foreign aid or diplomatic actions and is being strongly influenced by the current state of relations with Russia. The article concludes that Polish foreign policy towards Moldova and generally the East of Europe should be formed as a result of consolidated internal politics and should be located expressis verbis in the foreign policy of both EU and NATO.
PL
Jako członek wielu organizacji, kładących nacisk na poszanowanie praw człowieka, demokracji i rządów prawa, Polska ma realny wpływ na kształtowanie norm międzynarodowych. Zobowiązania międzynarodowe, przynależność do grupy państw demokratycznych, tradycje demokracji, uwarunkowania kulturowe, jak i całokształt myśli polskiej polityki na Wschodzie są czynnikami, które mają wpływ na postawę Polski, która aktywnie angażuje się we wspieranie demokracji w regionie. Niniejszy artykuł odnosi się do głównych założeń i realizacji polskiej polityki wschodniej, w szczególności w kontekście Republiki Mołdawii. Na forum Unii Europejskiej Polska wspiera dążenia Mołdawii do zbudowania społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, demokratycznych instytucji i stabilnych struktur państwowych. Aktywność Polski skupiona jest na pomocy zagranicznej oraz ma charakter dyplomatyczny. W istocie, zaangażowanie Polski często sprowadza się do symbolicznych gestów, a sytuację utrudnia pogarszająca się relacja z Rosją. By sprostać współczesnym wyzwaniom budowania państwa jako integralnej części świata zachodniego, polityka III RP względem Mołdawii powinna być przejawem zgodności sił politycznych i usytuowana expressis verbis w polityce UE i NATO.
2
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Efektywność wsparcia Unii Europejskiej i USA dla Ukrainy od 2014 roku

63%
Duda R., Kunert-Milcarz R.
Przegląd Zachodni
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2020
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issue 1 (374)
225-250
EN
The research goal of the presented article is to analyze the support provided by the European Union and the United States for the reform process in Ukraine and to evaluate the effectiveness of this assistance. We assume that the European Union acts as a system of „connected vessels” and actively supports its own close neighbourhood promoting democratization of its structures and ensuring economic and military security. The time frame of the article covers the period after the Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine, in Kiev Maidan (2013-2014), which led to the overthrow of the then President Viktor Yanukovych and confirmed the European aspirations of Ukraine. The annexation of Crimea and the destabilizing actions taken by the Russian Federation (FR) in Eastern Ukraine (2014) also formed an important turning point, especially with regard to the assistance package provided by the US. This event directly resulted in a significant increase in the scope and amount of support. The final date of the analyzed events is 2019 and the presidential election in Ukraine (held in two rounds on 31.03.2019 and 21.04.2019, respectively), which brought victory to Volodymyr Zelenski. Although this choice meant the consolidation of Ukraine’s pro-European course, the lack of explicit EU’s statement about the prospects of Ukraine’s membership means that in the future this option should not be taken for granted. Due to the character of the research material, the methods used in the article are mainly based on a critical literature review (especially scientific articles) and secondary data analysis (desk research). In the part of the article relating to American military assistance, the basic research material is analysis created in Polish and American think tanks. Due to the time frame (2014-2019) and topicality of the subject, relatively little research material was obtained from literature of the subject, which, however, was a valuable source for the introductory part of the article.
3
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The Explanatory Power of Structural Realism in the 21st Century : the Eastern Partnership, Russian Expansionism and the War in Ukraine

63%
Herbut M., Kunert-Milcarz R.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2017
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vol. 2 (46)
190–204
EN
While the scope of the paper is to assess the actions undertaken by the European Union towards the FSU-CIS (the former Soviet Union, Commonwealth of Independent States) which was manifested through the Eastern Partnership Initiative in the years 2008–2014, the focus will be centred on theoretical concepts and their ‘explanatory power’ rather than actions undertaken by European or Russian decision makers. Taking that into the account, this essay will critically assess the explanatory power of the neorealist school of thought which although overtly criticized, still remains a viable tool in explaining the processes occurring in international relations.
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