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EN
This article is an attempt at describing the syntax of verbs governing the prepositional phrase do + Genitive in the Polish language from the 18th to the 20th centuries; for example: uśmiechać się do dziecka, doprowadzić ucznia do matuгу, dążyć do zemsty. These verbs are first classified on the basis of their meanings, and it is only within the semantic groups that the author distinguishes various syntactic models.
EN
The purpose of this article is to describe the syntax of adjectives fol­lowed by prepositional phrases in Polish. First adjectives followed by a pre­position + Genitive are discussed; for example: droższy od srebra, miły dla gości. Then adjectives followed by a preposition + Accusative, of the type droższy nad życie, brzemienny w wydarzenia. Then the author discusses - adjec­tives followed by a preposition + Instrumental, for example: ..współmierny z zarobkami, odpowiedzialny przed społeczeństwem, and finally adjectives fol­lowed by a preposition + Locative: swobodny w rozmowie, zgrabny w ruchach, and + Dative; for example: lek skuteczny przeciwko grypie.
RU
Цепь настоящей статьи состоит з описнии падежного и предложного управлении имени прилагательного в истории польского языка.
DE
Die Aufgabe des vorliegenden Beitrags besteht darin, die Farage zu beantworten. ob das Polnische sich zu einer analytischen Sprache entwickelt.
EN
The aim of this paper has been to describe the replacement of factitive attributes by prepositional phrases or by other case forms in the history of the polish language.
EN
The aim of the paper has been to describe the process of transformation of instrumentative complements in to prepositional phrases in the course of historical change of the Polish language.
EN
The aim of this article is to examine the syntactic government of a group of verbs denoting transmission of information. The verbs under analysis optionally connote personal noun (personal pronoun) having the function of a sender of some information (in other words, of the first participant of a speech act, e.g.: Janek mówi - John says.). These verbs connote also, though by no means always, personal noun (personal pronoun) having the function of a receiver of information (in other words, of the second participant of a speech act, e.g.: Janek poinformował kolegę. - John informed a friend.). The second participant of a speech act is, in most cases, „passive” and is usually expressed by Accusative (powiadomić kogo - to inform somebody) or by Dativ, (powiedzieć komu - to tell somebody), as well as by numerous prepositional phrases (mówić do kogo - to speak to somebody; wołać na kogo - to call to somebody; zwierzać się przed kim - to confide in somebody). The second participant of a speech act can as well be „active” , that is take part in a conversation being either a sender or a receiver (dyskutować z kimś - to discuss something with somebody; rozmawiać między sobą - to talk between one another). Apart from the personal elements, the analysed verbs also optionally connote impersonal elements pointing out to the contents of the speech. These contents can be expressed by Accusative (mówić głupstwa - to talk nonsense) and Genitive (nagadać bzdur - to talk a lot of nonsense) or by various prepositional phrases (dyskutować o czym - to discuss something; deliberować nad czym - to deliberate upon/over something; zwierzać się z czego - to confide something to somebody).
RU
Цель статьи заключается в описании синтактических вариантов в области структур с вторичными предложными оборотами и связанные с этим проблемы культуры языка и языковой нормы. Рассматривается структуры близкие по смыслу и взаимозамснимые в разных контекстах. Автор рассматривает синтактические варианты в области обстоятеляства цели, причины, условий, места и способа действия.
EN
This article deals with the already obsolete prepositional ways of denoting lime in the history of the Polish language. Adverbials of time in Polish were expressed by the following prepositional structures: za + Dopełniacz (za + Genitive - za jego dni coś się stało) something happened in his days; z -f Dopełniacz (z + Genitive - uczymy się tego z dzieciństwa) let us learn it from the childhood; o + Miejscownik (о + Locative - przyjechał o środzie, przybył o poniedziałku) he arrived on Wednesday, he came on Monday; za + Narzędnik (za + Ablative - za przybyciem moim do Warszawy odbiorę paczkę) I will collect the parcel on my arrival to Warsaw; na + Miejscownik (na + Locative - wstanę na świtaniu) I will get up at daybreak; na -I- Biernik (na + Accusative - młynarz та to oglądać na każdy dzień) the miller is to see it every day; przy + Miejscownik (przy + Locative - przy pogodnych dniach wyjeżdżam na polowanie) on sunny days I go hunting; po + Biernik (po + Accusative - będzie panować po wszystkie dni) he will reign till the end of time; ku + Celownik (ku + Dativ - drzewa ku jesieni poschną) the trees will wither towards springtime. These prepositional adverbials of time have been superseded first of all by other prepositional phrases, less frequently by Genitive case without a preposition.
EN
The paper presents a documented, description of the rection of verbs governing the prepositional phrase w + Acc . of the type: wnikać w problemy, ubierać się w spodnie, zmienić miasto w gruzy, mieszać się w cudze sprawy, in modern Polish. The classification of material was based on the meaning of verbs. Within the semantic groups of verbs the author has singled out various rection models by concentrating solely on constructions with nominal and prepositional -nominal objects.
EN
The aim of the present article is to analyse different semantic-syntactic functions of the preposition dla from the oldest times until the present day and the changes in its use and application. In the Old Polish the preposition dla functioned as adverbial of reason and of purpose. In the 16th century it occasionally signified the relations of use, harm, and appropriation (zrobić kolację dla dzieci - to prepare supper for the children). Since the 18th century it was extensively used in this sense and supplanted the traditional Dativ in the verbal, adjectival, and nominał relations. Only in a single case was its occurence limited - in the 20th century it ceased to signify causal relations (nie zjeżdżaj z gościńca dla zlej drogi - do not leave the highway for bad track, with „for” meaning „because of" in this case).
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