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PL
Aggression and violence has become a regular part of school reality. The ongoing legal changes in the education system have provided children with mild intellectual disabilities the opportunity to study in three forms of education: mainstream schools, integration classes and special schools. Unfortunately, the results of many studies have revealed that students with disabilities are more likely to be subject to peer victimization, particularly in various forms of inclusive education. In view of such facts, the question arises whether, and if so, how and with what frequency students with mild intellectual disabilities in various forms of education experience aggression and violence perpetrated by teachers. This seems particularly important because of the role that teachers play in building a sense of security in students, especially those with mild intellectual disabilities. The results of the study revealed a much higher level of aggression and violence experienced by students with mild intellectual disabilities perpetrated by teachers working in mainstream schools compared to those working in special schools. This fact raises great reservations regarding the teachers’ attitude towards students with mild intellectual disabilities and the level of their preparation for effective work with such students.
EN
Grading children is of great importance in the educational process. It allows children to learn about their abilities thus shaping their self-esteem and also to define themselves in relation to other people, points to resources and areas for work, builds motivation to undertake further activity, which is why it is particularly important for students with mild intellectual disabilities. However, the grading process is very complex and requires teachers’ knowledge and skills in this area. The aim of the research was to determine what dilemmas in grading students with mild intellectual disabilities teachers of mainstream schools have. The results obtained show that the grading this group of students gives teachers many difficulties and it is therefore necessary to make many changes in this area to make evaluation a factor supporting the effectiveness of education of children with mild intellectual disabilities, and thus a factor that optimizes their development.
EN
The project method as a teaching method, which is based on activating teaching strategies, ensures holistic development of a child. It allows to select activities for children at different stages of development, stimulates thinking, teaches to put the newly acquired knowledge into practice and enables to learn through doing, which in particular raises the level of effectiveness of teaching children with mild intellectual disabilities. The joint teamwork of the whole class on the project helped them to enter the social life of the school, becoming a good plane of inclusion. However, according to the studies, the problem is the knowledge and awareness of possibility of applying this method by primary education teachers to support the school functioning of children with special educational needs including those with mild intellectual disabilities.
EN
The situation of a virus SARS – CoV-2 pandemic, which has been causing COVID-19 disease, is for everyone a new and unknown situation leading to fear and insecurity. It is also the situation which caused a lot of changes in many people’s daily routine. The aim of this article is to point out the specific difficulties which child and youth siblings of people with disabilities in everyday life as a crisis situation caused by the pandemic. The purpose of this article is also to indicate the capabilities of supporting this social group. This text has been written in methodical and practical capacity in order to inspire disscussion and research in this area.
EN
The role of parents in supporting the children’s psychosexual development is extremely significant. It is them who introduce first in the system of values, rules, behavioral standards, they teach how to express feelings and emotions and this is why the family home is the best place to start sexual education. It is very difficult for many parents to transfer knowledge about sexuality to children, especially for the parents of children with mental disability. They present different attitudes towards the children’s sexuality, which imply how they lead the education on this topic. Conducted research aimed at exploring the parents’ opinions on sexual education at home. Research results showed a range of difficulties (among others insufficient preparation or knowledge) concerning the conversations with children about their psychosexual development. It is necessary to support the parents with knowledge, information as well as with competences and skills in sexual education of children.
PL
The situation of the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 disease is a new and unknown situation for everyone, causing fear and uncertainty. It is also a situation that has led to numerous changes in the everyday life of many people, including students who had to adapt to the new reality of distance education from day to day. The paper concerns with the situation of online education of students with mild intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. It is an attempt to indicate the difficulties encountered by this group of students in the situation of distance learning from a perspective of both the student and the teacher. The paper also indicates the issues which should be considered in this education, the way of its adaptation to the possibilities of the discussed group of students, as well as elementswhich are really important in this education.
EN
Dolphin-Assisted Therapy (DAT) is a form of combined therapy – aquatic therapy and animal-assisted therapy, where the patient is in close contact with the dolphin. In such therapy the dolphin is a partner, a motivator and a kind of reward for the child. It must be noted, however, that the basis of its effectiveness is the intensive child’s cooperation with the therapist. During the course of professional dolphin therapy, in addition to in-water session, there are also classroom activities, where motivation and skills gained during training with the animal are used, consolidated and expanded. With such planned therapy, effects may relate to the physical as well as emotional and cognitive sphere, depending on the planned activity, which the therapist is focused on.
EN
The aim of this study was to characterize the knowledge about the joy in children with mild intellectual disability. The premises relating to the mental functioning of these children suggest that this knowledge is poorer and less complex than the knowledge of their peers in the intellectual norm. The study used the authoring tool to measure children’s knowledge of emotions, including joy. The tool takes into account the cognitive representation of the basic emotions available in three codes: image, verbal, semantic and interconnection between the codes – perception, symbolization and conceptualization, which perform the functions of perception, expression and understanding. The study included children with the intellectual norm (N = 30) and children with mild intellectual disability (N = 30). The results mainly indicate the differences in how happiness is understood by particular groups, to the detriment of children with disability. The character of the results is largely determined by the level of organization of knowledge about joy and accompanying mental operations.
EN
Despite many studies concerning the consequences for education during COVID 19 pandemic, still little is known about the situation of students with mild intellectual disability. This group of children and teenagers due to their cognitive dysfunction has been in a particular difficult situation. The aim of the conducted research was to specify the potential problems of online learning for students with mild intellectual disability. The research involved answering questions from an online questionnaire. The results show that according to the teachers the biggest problems of students with mild intellectual disability are: comprehension and memorisation of the new material and lack of contact with their peers. In relation to these difficulties in online education this group requires some additional suport.
PL
Pomimo wielu badań dotyczących konsekwencji dla edukacji epidemii COVID-19, wciąż niewiele wiadomo o sytuacji uczniów i uczennic z lekką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Ta grupa dzieci i młodzieży z racji na swoje deficyty poznawcze znalazła się w szczególnie trudnej sytuacji. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu określenie ewentualnych problemów osób z lekką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w nauczaniu zdalnym. Badanie polegało na udzieleniu odpowiedzi na pytania zawarte w ankiecie internetowej. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują, że w opinii nauczycieli największe problemy ujawniają uczniowie i uczennice z lekką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w zrozumieniu i zapamiętaniu nowego materiału oraz z brakiem kontaktu z rówieśnikami. W związku z trudnościami w edukacji zdalnej tej grupy osób wymagają one dodatkowego wsparcia.
EN
Despite a lot of scientific research and study, sexual education issues as an element of formal education are still considered to be a controversial subject. Those challenges, dilemmas, controversies or difficulties relate to many areas, connected both with form and organization of classes, teachers, and also (at more general level) with some ministerial indications or school management. All the above matters directly influence what sexual education classes look like and what the students’ experience is. It is disturbing that the sexual education subject at school was generally considered to be boring according to the respondents. Therefore, it has been decided to analyze why classes which are non-obligatory but important and wanted by students are considered boring and out of touch with life.
EN
The text is a research report. The research aimed to diagnose and describe the distance education of students with mild intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of teachers. The study consisted of answering questions contained in a survey disseminated by the Internet. 114 correctly completed surveys were collected. In the light of the results, teachers are more convinced that it is possible to implement the core curriculum during distance education than the educational, and especially caring function of the school. Teachers also expressed the opinion that distance learning exacerbates rather than equalizes differences between students, which is particularly worrying for students with mild intellectual disabilities.
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