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„Polski” Rilke

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EN
The publication of Katarzyna Kuczyńska-Koschany’s book Rycerz i Śmierć. O Elegiach duinejskich Rainera Marii Rilkego fills the large gap in Polish research on Rilke as it is the first monographic study of the Duino elegies. The author of the book interprets individual elegies and Atical sensibility. Simultaneously, the author supports her analysis with the theoretical foundations created by acclaimed and reputed German researchers of Rilke’s literary output such as Käte Hamburger, Beda Allemann, Manfred Engel and Jacob Steiner, among others. In her considerations, the author also refers to Polish translation of the elegies, notably those made by Mieczysław Jastrun and Adam Pomorski, also providing their critical interpretation.
DE
The article is an attempt at presentation of Aleksander Bronikowski - author of many historical novels, popular in Poland and in Germany - as a historian who used results of his own research of sources in the creation of literary fiction. The fundamental element of his artistic programme, formulated in the preface to his first historical novel “Hipolit Boratyński” (1825) and realized consistently in subsequent novels devoted to the history of Poland was historical revisionism. In contradistinction to Walter Scott this novelist places in the central point of action not a fictional hero but historical events. "History of Poland", published in 1827, is an outline of the history of the Polish state divided in to five periods since the legendary beginnings until the third partition. To each of these periods may be ascribed the relevant novels on Polish subjects in which Bronikowski gave a novelized and expanded pictures of the presented epoch. Analysis of the list of sources and studies which he used makes it possible to say that he had an excellent knowledge of the achievements of German historiography of those times - Polish, German and French. Interpretation of the fall of Poland, according to the ideas of Enlightenment, as a result of unavoidable ageing of the nation and of structures which it created was criticized by J. Lelewel - the founder and leader of Polish historiography. It is surely for this reason that “The History of Poland” has not been translated into Polish. An open question remains what was the influence of this work and of historical novels, which were like as if a supplement and development, on Polish national awareness of Poles in the years immediately before the outbreak of the November Uprising.
EN
The title of the story What Remains by Christa Wolf denotes one of the main topics of the present discussion about German literature after 1989. The article presents the new questions (e.g. one or two German literature(s)? What does ‘GDR literature‘ mean? Is it a ‘special case’?) and changing conditions of the study of East German literature. A few new historical works discussing German literature since 1945, mainly since the reunification, and a few theoretical approaches (e.g. GDR literature as a chronotope and as regional literature) are presented.
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Do kogo należy historia? Refleksja literaturoznawcy

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EN
The article presents the most recent reflection on narration in German literary and history studies. It deals with fiction and non-fiction as a medium of history. After the period of postmodern “literarization” and fictionalization of history and historiography differences between fiction and literature on the one hand and between reality and history on the other are realized again. In the discussion an important place is given to the so-called literature of memory [Erinnerungsliteratur] with the category of “experience” offering new interdependences between the sphere of facts and the sphere of fiction. Contemporary German literary and history studies on the connections between literature and history and their narrativity are focused on war and the Holocaust in literature, film and historiography, furthermore on the history of East Germany and its mythicization, on mass culture and collective memory, on history and gender.
EN
The article presents the German literary reactions to the German unification in 1990and dissolution of the East German state. It is focused on the novel Der Turm. Geschichte auseinem versunkenen Land (2008) by Uwe Tellkamp, his dealing with literary traditions (amongothers with utopia) and with narrative patterns.
PL
Tematem artykułu są niemieckie literackie reakcje na zjednoczenie Niemiec w 1990roku i likwidację NRD. Na przykładzie powieści Uwe Tellkampa Der Turm. Geschichte aus einemversunkenen Land [Wieża. Historia z zaginionego kraju, 2008] pokazano sposoby nawiązywaniado tradycji literackiej (m.in. utopii) oraz posługiwania się wzorcami narracyjnymi.
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2021
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vol. 28
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issue 1
325-342
EN
Durs Grünbein, born 1962 in Dresden, is one of the most recognizable German poets and essayists after the German reunification. His numerous collections of poetry and prose were translated into many languages, e.g. into English, French, Russian, Spanish, Japanese and Polish. The article presents the first stage of his career since his debut in 1988 until the end of the 90s against the background of the decomposition of the existing literary landscape in the unified Germany. The main focus of the paper is put on the development of the writing style and the aesthetic views of Grünbein, as well as the topics that were predominant in his early work, such as the intersection of literature and science and the poetic elaboration of the existential experience in the GDR. Traditions of European modernity and antiquity, the notion regarding the autonomy and the non-engagement of poetry, as well as the fragmentary nature of the experiencing of reality formed the basis of his poetic self-image at that time, which essentially remained unchanged in the following decades.
PL
Urodzony w 1962 roku w Dreźnie Durs Grünbein należy do najbardziej rozpoznawalnych poetów i eseistów niemieckich w pozjednoczeniowych Niemczech. Jego liczne zbiory poezji i esejów przetłumaczono na wiele języków, m. in. angielski, francuski, rosyjski, hiszpański, japoński i polski. W artykule został przedstawiony pierwszy okres kariery Grünbeina: od debiutu w 1988 do końca lat dziewięćdziesiątych, na tle dekompozycji krajobrazu literackiego Niemiec w okresie pozjednoczeniowym. Najważniejsze zagadnienia poruszone w tym kontekście to kształtowanie się oryginalnego stylu pisarstwa i poglądów estetycznych Grünbeina, łączenie przezeń literatury z nauką oraz poetyckie opracowanie doświadczenia życia w NRD. Tradycje europejskiego modernizmu i antyku, przekonanie o potrzebie autonomii i niezaangażowania poezji oraz o fragmentarycznym charakterze doświadczenia rzeczywistości stworzyły w latach dziewięćdziesiątych fundament tożsamości artysty, który w zasadzie przetrwał nienaruszony następne dziesięciolecia.
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