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Etyka (Ethics)
|
2007
|
issue 40
115-129
EN
The aim of this paper is to describe the mysterious and controvential virtue of megalopsychia which Aristotle discusses in book 4 of the Nicomachean Ethics. By examining its origin (which can be traced back to the ethos of the Homeric aristocracy) and the ethical context in which it could become significant, the author tries to present the underpinnings of this virtue as an alternative to the 'classical' view of virtue. Since the latter is based on the metaphysical assumptions which have lost their credibility in our days, he argues that it is the virtue of 'greatness of soul' - much closer to our views on both reality and human nature - that could help us restore the moral significance to the notion of virtue.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
|
2008
|
vol. 36
|
issue 1
121-148
EN
The aim of this paper is to describe and compare the mysterious and controversial virtue of 'megalopsychia' (literally 'greatness of soul'), which Aristotle discusses in Book 4 of the 'Nicomachean Ethics', with Nietzsche's well-known, though sometimes ill-reputed, 'ethical' conception of 'Übermensch'. The author tries to bring out their similarities and show that they both can be seen as an alternative to the 'classical' notion of virtue - one much closer to our views on both external reality and human nature. His point of reference is Alaisdair MacIntyre's 'After Virtue', where the Aristotelian 'social' tradition of virtue is sharply opposed to Nietzsche's 'moral solipsism'.
EN
According to Hannah Arendt, the victory of eternity - prepared by Plato and accomplished by Christianity - over the desired and glorified in the pre-socratic Greece immortality has inverted the prevailing measure of man and human perfection: diminished the value of the individual and exceptional in man (resulting from his mortality) for the sake of what is common and the same in each human being (and, in this case, immediately related to eternity). This paper examines the process and consequences of this revolutionary reversal. The importance is stressed of the two Christian conceptions - the one of the absolute value of each individual human being and the other of the essential equality of all men - which today, though primarily strictly connected to the faith in the eternal, are still quite fundamental to our morality and politics.
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