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Rizikové faktory pre vznik posttraumatickej stresovej poruchy po pôrode: prehľadový článok

100%
Kotríková Rašmanová M., Kaščáková N., Hašto J., Tavel P.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2022
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vol. 66
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issue 4
365-382
EN
Objectives. The aim of this article is to describe objective obstetric and population factors for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childbirth, the ways in which they interact with subjective factors, in order to identify those women who are at an increased risk of developing PTSD symptoms after delivery. Methods. The Web of Science database was used to search the literature. The keywords “posttraumatic stress disorder”, “PTSD”, “childbirth”, “trauma” and “risk factors” were entered. Out of 79 resulting articles in English, 48 articles dealing with the topic of postpartum PTSD were selected, of which 29 directly dealt with the identification and description of risk factors for the development of postpartum PTSD. Additional relevant literature has been obtained through the study of these articles. Results. The incidence of PTSD at 4-6 weeks after childbirth is estimated at 5.77% in the total population of postpartum women, and in the at-risk subpopulation, the estimate is 12.64%. Obstetric factors appear to be largely mediated by the emotional support of birthing woman from medical staff as well as by the presence and support of the accompanying person. Subjective perception of childbirth by the women giving birth, and the degree of control they feel during the birth process are among strongest factors which influence the risk of developing PTSD after childbirth. Early intervention in the form of providing comprehensive information and emotional support during childbirth, as well as in the postpartum period, and various forms of social support reduce the risk of developing a chronic form of PTSD. Study limitations. Due to the specifics of childbirth systems across geographies, the incidence rate of PTSD and the representation of risk factors in the Czech and Slovak environments can differ from the incidence and representation of those countries included in the resources for this review article.
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Validácia slovenskej skrátenej škály prežívania v blízkych vzťahoch (ECR-R-SK-14)

88%
Švecová J., Kaščáková N., Fürstová J., Hašto J., Tavel P.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2021
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vol. 65
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issue 2
146-162
EN
Aims. The attachment formed in early childhood affects an individual’s mental and physical health. The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the ECR-R questionnaire designed to detect attachment in adulthood, to create a shorter version, and to examine the sociodemographic differences in anxiety and avoidance among Slovak respondents. Sample, settings, and methods. In a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of the adult Slovak population (N=1018, age 46.24, SD 16.56, 48.7% men), data were collected using the Slovak translation of the ECR-R questionnaire. The Slovak version of the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) was used to assess the convergence validity. Results. The data of the psychometric analysis of the shortened version of the Close Relationship Questionnaire, the ECR-R-SK-14, indicate its better suitability for measuring relationship in adulthood compared to the ECR-R-16 version. Convergent validity was confirmed. Sociodemographic differences in individual groups of the Slovak population, which were expanded to include subjectively perceived loneliness in the last year of life, were described. Summary. The ECR-R questionnaire and its shorter version, the ECR-R-SK-14, are suitable tools for measuring relationships in adulthood, whether scientific or clinical. Limitations. The complete version of the ECR-R questionnaire can be difficult for some respondents to understand due to a large number of reversely formulated questions.
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Dotazník prožívání blízkých vztahů (ECR-R) a sociodemografické rozdiely vo vzťahovej úzkostnosti a výhybavosti

76%
Hašto J., Kaščáková N., Fürstová J., Poláčková Šolcová I., Vacková K. A., Heveriová M., Tavel P.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2018
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vol. 62
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issue Supplement_1
56-79
EN
Objectives. Attachment experience and behaviours adopted during childhood and their manifestation in adulthood are related to mental and physical health. The Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire was used to detect attachment style. The aim of the study was to explore the psychometric properties of the reworked Czech translation of the ECR-R (Prožívání blízkých vztahů) with reformulated problematic items and to compare it with the shortened version, the ECR-R-16. The other aim was to assess the sociodemographic differences in attachment anxiety and avoidance in different population groups. Sample and settings. A cross-sectional study on a representative sample of the adult population of the Czech Republic (N=1800, age 46.4, SD 17.4, 48.7% of men) collected data on the ECRR questionnaire. Results. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the short version ECR-R-16 is more appropriate and has a clear two-factor solution with great reliability at the scale of attachment anxiety (α=.91) and attachment avoidance (α=.91). Confirmatory analysis showed a better fit with the data after excluding the two items with the lowest h2 communalities (ECR-R-14). The convergent validity of the ECR-R-16 with the Relationships questionnaire was confirmed. The demographic differences in various groups are described. Summary. The ECR-R and the ECR-R-16 questionnaires are appropriate for the research of the attachment in adults and for the clinical purposes. Limitations. When comparing with other studies, it is necessary to take into account that the “face to face” method was used. Even in adolescents (age 15 to 19, N=97) the adult ECR-R variant was used.
SK
Problém. Štýl vzťahového prežívania a správania osvojeného v detstve a prejavujúceho sa v dospelosti vykazuje súvislosti s psychickým a fyzickým zdravím. Pre detegovanie vzťahového štýlu bol zvolený dotazník Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R). Cieľom štúdie bolo posúdiť psychometrické vlastnosti prepracovanej plnej verzie dotazníka Prožívání blízkých vztahů (ECR-R) s upraveným znením otázok a porovnať jeho vlastnosti so skrátenou verziou ECR-R-16. Ďalším cieľom bolo posúdiť sociodemografické rozdiely vo vzťahovej úzkostnosti a vyhýbavosti v rôznych skupinách obyvateľstva. Metódy. V rámci výskumnej štúdie boli v reprezentatívnej vzorke obyvateľstva ČR (N = 1800, vek 46,4, SD 17,4, 48,7 % mužov) zozbierané údaje dotazníka ECR-R. Výsledky. Výsledky exploračnej faktorovej analýzy ukázali oproti plnej verzii väčšiu vhodnosť skrátenej verzie ECR-R-16, ktorá má jasné dvojfaktorové riešenie a výbornú reliabilitu škály úzkostnosti (α = 0,91 ) aj škály vyhýbavosti (α = 0,91). Konfirmačná faktorová analýza ukázala lepšiu zhodu s dátami po vylúčení dvoch položiek s najnižšími h2 komunalitami (výsledkom je verzia ECR-R-14), avšak pre zachovanie vzťahových tém odporúčame používať verziu ECR-R-16 s preformulovaným znením jednej z otázok. Bola potvrdená konvergentná validita ECR-R-16 so Vztahovým dotazníkom (Relationships questionnaire - RQ). Sú popísané zistené demografické rozdiely v rôznych skupinách obyvateľstva. Zhrnutie. Dotazníky ECR-R a ECR-R-16 sa javia ako vhodné pre výskum problematiky vzťahovej väzby v dospelosti a pre klinickú prax. Limity. Pri porovnávaní s inými štúdiami je potrebné vziať do úvahy, že bola použitá metodika rozhovoru "face to face" a aj u mladistvých (vek od 15 do 19 rokov, N = 97) bol použitý variant ECR-R pre dospelých.
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Psychometrické charakteristiky české verze stručného inventáře příznaků (BSI-53)

76%
Kabát J., Kaščáková N., Fürstová J., Bartůšková L., Glogar P., Poláčková Šolcová I., Tavel P.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2018
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vol. 62
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issue Supplement_1
19-39
EN
a2_Conclusion. The BSI-53 questionnaire is a short, reliable instrument for the assessment of psychological distress. The degree of utility of the instrument in clinical work and the evaluation of its potential to identify specific clinical syndromes and sensitivity to detect changes should be documented by further studies.
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Dotazník životních stresorů (LSC-R) : výskyt stresorov u dospelých obyvateľov ČR a súvis so zdravím

76%
Kaščáková N., Fürstová J., Poláčková Šolcová I., Heveriová M., Heveri M., Hašto J., Tavel P.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2018
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vol. 62
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issue Supplement_1
80-99
EN
Objective. The occurrence of traumatic events in childhood and during later life increases the incidence of many mental and somatic diseases. The lifetime impact of cumulative stressful events throughout life is very substantial. The aim of this study was to check selected psychometric parameters of the Czech version of the LSC-R, to assess the occurrence of life stressors in a representative sample of adult population in the CR and to determine associations between the occurrence of stressors, health, pain and problematic use of alcohol and nicotine. Sample and settings. A cross-sectional study on a representative sample of the adult Czech population (N=1800, age 46.4, SD 17.4, 48.7% of men) collected data on the LSC-R. For convergent validity the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) and the CAGE-questionnaires were used. Results. In 80% of respondents at least one stressor and in 15% five or more stressors were found. The sociodemographic differences are discussed. People with problematic use of alcohol and nicotine experienced significantly more overall stressors, stressors that began before the age of 16 years old and more interpersonal violence in comparison with non-drinkers and nonsmokers. Confirmatory analysis showed satisfactory fit parameters for the created five-factor model, and convergent validity was demonstrated. Significant associations between scores on the LSC-R, physical and mental health, pain and the problematic use of alcohol and nicotine are discussed. Summary. The Life Stressor Checklist-Revised appears to be a clinically useful instrument for the detection of lifetime stressors and for research purposes in the context of planning prevention and therapeutic possibilities. Limitations. The LSC-R was the part of a larger battery and was placed in the last third.
SK
a2_Zhrnutie. Dotazník životních stresorů sa javí ako klinicky využiteľný nástroj na detekciu celoživotného výskytu stresorov a na výskumné účely v kontexte plánovania prevencie a terapeutických možností. Limity. Dotazník bol súčasťou väčšej batérie a bol zaradený v poslednej tretine dotazníkovej batérie.
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Psychometrická analýza českej verzie dotazníka trauma z dětství (CTQ) so sociodemografickými rozdielmi v traumatizácii dospelých obyvateľov Českej republiky

76%
Kaščáková N., Fürstová J., Poláčková Šolcová I., Bieščad M., Hašto J., Tavel P.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2018
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vol. 62
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issue 3
212-230
EN
Objective. The aim of the study was to verify psychometric properties of the Czech version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in a representative sample of the Czech Republic and to assess sociodemographic differences in various types of trauma across different groups of the Czech population. Methods. A cross-sectional study (N=1000, mean age 46.0, 48.6 % men) collected data using the CTQ. Medians and quartiles were used to assess the data, non-parametric tests were used to test the differences between groups. The dimensional structure was tested by confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Results. All subscales of the CTQ correlated moderately. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed the suitability of the original 5-factor solution. The internal consistency of the CTQ subscales was very good (α ranged from .817 to .922), except physical neglect with questionable consistency (α= .642). According to the empirically derived cut off score, emotional abuse (EA) was found in 20.2 %, physical abuse (PA) in 18 %, sexual abuse (SA) in 9.7%, emotional neglect (EN) in 15.6 % and physical neglect (PN) in 37.2% of the Czech population, with 24.5 % of respondents with one type of trauma experience and 23.8% with multiplex traumatisation. People living alone had a significantly higher occurrence of EA, EN and PN. People with primary school education had a significantly higher occurrence of EN and PN compared to those with higher education. Disability was significantly associated with the occurrence of EA. The incidence of SA was significantly associated with living alone and achieved primary education. Limitations. Data collection method (a standardised face to face interview) could affect the social desirability of answers as well as sensitivity to emotionally demanding items.
SK
Cieľom štúdie bolo overiť psychometrické vlastnosti českého prekladu CTQ (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) na reprezentatívnej vzorke dospelých obyvateľov Českej republiky (ČR) a posúdiť sociodemografické rozdiely v jednotlivých podtypoch traumatizácie v rôznych skupinách obyvateľstva. Metódy. V rámci výskumnej štúdie na reprezentatívnej vzorke obyvateľstva ČR (N=1000, priemerný vek 46,0; 48,6 % mužov) boli zozbierané údaje nástroja CTQ. Na popis dát boli použité mediány a kvartily, na testovanie rozdielov v skupinách boli použité neparametrické testy. Dimenzionálna štruktúra dotazníku bola testovaná exploračnou a konfirmačnou faktorovou analýzou. Výsledky. Nástroj CTQ je možné považovať za validný sebaposudzovací nástroj pre dospelých na retrospektívne zisťovanie traumatizácie v detstve v českom kultúrnom kontexte. Exploračná a konfirmačná faktorová analýza ukázali vhodnosť pôvodného 5-faktorového riešenia. Na potvrdenie konvergentnej validity boli použité škály úzkostnosti a vyhýbavosti z dotazníka ECR-R (Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised) a škála neuroticizmu z BFI-44 (Big Five Inventory). Vnútorná konzistencia subškál CTQ bola výborná (s Cronbachovým α v rozmedzí 0,82 až 0,92), okrem škály fyzického zanedbávania (α = 0,64). V reprezentatívnej vzorke obyvateľstva ČR bolo podľa empiricky odvodených prahových hodnôt zistené u 20,2 % respondentov emocionálne týranie (EA), u 18 % fyzické týranie (PA), u 9,7% sexuálne zneužívanie (SA), u 15,6 % emocionálne zanedbávanie (EN) a u 37,2 % fyzické zanedbávanie (PN). U 24,5 % obyvateľstva bol prítomný aspoň jeden typ traumatizácie a u 23,8 % traumatizácia viacerými typmi traumy. U ľudí žijúcich osamelo bol signifikantne vyšší výskyt EA, EN a PN. Obyvatelia s dosiahnutým základným vzdelaním mali signifikantne vyšší výskyt EN a PN v porovnaní s ľuďmi s vyšším typom vzdelania. Výskyt SA bol významne asociovaný s životom osamote a dosiahnutým základným vzdelaním. Invalidita bola signifikantne spojená s výskytom EA. Jednotlivé subškály CTQ medzi sebou stredne korelovali. Limity. Limitom štúdie je spôsob zberu údajov. Štandardizované interview mohlo ovplyvniť odpovedanie na citlivé položky sociálne želateľným smerom.
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Psychometrická analýza české verze dotazníku zdraví a spokojenosti (SF-8 health survey)

64%
Bartůšková L., Kabát J., Kaščáková N., Fürstová J., Glogar P., Heveri M., Hašto J., Tavel P.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2018
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vol. 62
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issue Supplement_1
40-55
EN
Objectives. The SF-8 Health Survey Questionnaire is an effective health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurement tool consisting of eight items. The aim of the study was to verify the factor structure of the Czech version of the questionnaire, to describe the basic psychometric properties of the tool, to develop a basis for the creation of standards based on the analysis of the results from a representative sample and to compare the global scores between respondents with and without chronic health problems. Sample and settings. A nationally representative sample of 1800 Czech respondents (N = 1800, age 46.4, SD 17.4, 48.7% men) participated in the survey focused on health issues. Results: Females achieved lower scores in all items compared with males, except for physical functions and total physical health. With increasing age, the individual items, as well as the PCS (physical component summary) and the MCS (mental component summary) scores, declined for both genders. Thus, higher age was associated with worse subjective health status. Respondents with higher education showed a higher quality of life in the sphere of both mental and physical health experience. The study revealed differences between healthy and chronically ill patients with back pain, hypertension, depression, allergy and migraine for all diseases in the overall PCS and MCS scores. In order to assess the number of factors, the Kaiser criterion, scree plot, Parallel Analysis (PA) and Minimum Average Partial test (MAP) were used. All of these methods resulted into a two-factor solution. Confirmation factor analysis confirmed the model’s compliance for our data. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92 and McDonald’s coefficient omega with a value of 0.94 showed that the Czech version of the SF-8 Health Survey is a tool with high internal consistency and reliability. Conclusion. The Czech version of the SF-8 Health Survey is a tool with high internal consistency and reliability.
CS
a2_Závěr. Česká verze dotazníku SF-8 Health Survey představuje nástroj s dobrou vnitřní konzistencí a reliabilitou, který je vhodný k využití jak ve výzkumu, tak v klinické praxi.
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