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DEEP ASPECTS IN WESTERN ACOUSTIC CULTURE ACCORDING TO MURRAY SCHAFER (Kategorie glebokie w zachodniej kulturze akustycznej w ujeciu R. Murraya Schaeffera. Zarys badan porównawczych.)

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Kapelanski M.

Przegląd Muzykologiczny

2011

issue 8

175-189

R. Murray Schafer's teaching and research activities are the primary sources of soundscape studies and the acoustic ecology movement. In his interdisciplinary writings Schafer utilises, among other approaches, a social perspective, using numerous cultural comparisons of soundscapes and acoustic societies partaking in those environments. In the main part of my article I suggest that in these comparisons, as well as in other parts of his writings, Schafer discovers in Western culture 'deep' aspects (approaching an anthropological universalism) which liken it to traditional cultures of other parts of the world and historically distant or pre-historical times. This thesis is illustrated by six examples from Schafer's writings: 1. The relating of cosmogenic myths of other cultures to Western everyday life; 2. The continued existence of 'sacred noise' through its transmutation into specific noises of contemporary civilisation; 3. The widespread existence of certain categories of acoustic signals on the globe (such as centrifugal/centripetal); 4. The universal existence of sound sentiments and phobias; 5. The similarity of sources and inspirations of music in different cultures (inspiration by the soundscape); and 6. The recent trend in the West toward the acoustic space model of communication found in other cultures (as evidenced by Marshall McLuhan).

RESEARCH INTO THE HISTORICAL 'SOUNDSCAPE' IN 'THE TUNING OF THE WORLD' AND 'VOICES OF TYRANNY, TEMPLES OF SILENCE' BY R. MURRAY SCHAFER (Polish title - below)

100%

Kapelanski M.

Muzyka

2008

vol. 53

issue 4(211)

119-138

(Title in Polish - 'Charakter badan nad historycznym 'pejzazem dzwiekowym' (soundscape) w 'The Tuning of the World' i 'Voices of Tyranny, Temples of Silence' R. Murraya Schafera'). Historiography of the soundscape occupies a privileged position in the writings of R. Murray Schafer and raises a number of methodological questions. Schafer attempts a multi-faceted solution to the problem of sources, introduces the concept of 'earwitness', and places the history of soundscape in the context of other branches of learning; however, his historical writing often resembles a 'facade', consisting in 'patching up' history through a-historic threads of narrative and fictionalising the material through the introduction of anachronistic quotations from literary fiction. Following Schafer's idea, his history of the soundscape may be described as history in sonata form, where a clear 'exposition' is followed by a noisy 'development', which should be closed by an ecological, transparent 'recapitulation'. Among the historical categories distinguished in Schafer's writings, we find an ordering of the processes of sound evolution into 'morphological' sequences, as well as synchronic and diachronic investigations. On the other hand, psychology (the influence of soundscape on musical output) and sociology (the mimesis of social changes in the history of music) provide a rich background to Schafer's historiosophical deliberations; both these areas interact to a great extent.

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1 Przegląd Muzykologiczny

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2 Kapelanski M.

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DEEP ASPECTS IN WESTERN ACOUSTIC CULTURE ACCORDING TO MURRAY SCHAFER (Kategorie glebokie w zachodniej kulturze akustycznej w ujeciu R. Murraya Schaeffera. Zarys badan porównawczych.)

RESEARCH INTO THE HISTORICAL 'SOUNDSCAPE' IN 'THE TUNING OF THE WORLD' AND 'VOICES OF TYRANNY, TEMPLES OF SILENCE' BY R. MURRAY SCHAFER (Polish title - below)