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EN
Eurasianism is a part of Russian nationalist and antioccidental movement, which becomes increasingly popular in contemporary Russia. In 1920 a group of Russian emigrants (Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Peter Savitsky, Lev Karsvin, Peter Suvchinsky, Georges Florovsky) published set of articles with new worldview whereby the Russian culture is independent and unique as an amalgamation of European and Asiatic influences. Moreover, they were convinced that the October Revolution was a chance to bring back Russian statehood related to tradition of The Grand Duchy of Moscow with witch Peter The Great broke up. They also supported isolation of Russia to resurgence its basic, authentic and eastern culture. Despite some efforts to make this movement political, in 1930s Eurasianism became extinct. Until 1990s its only adherent was Lev Gumilev. The most popular contemporary ideologist of Eurasianism is Aleksanr Dugin, the leader of National Bolshevik Party and Eurasia Party. He exhort to establish the supranational, Orthodox Slavic-Turkish community and fighting against Judaism and Anglo-Saxon civilization. Inspired by the idea of Moscow — The Third Rome, he consider Russian nation as chosen by Holy Spirit to complete a mission of world salvation.
PL
Mecenat Stalina nad radziecką literaturą i sztuką został w pełni sformalizowany na początku lat trzydziestych XX w. Polityczne podporządkowanie wszystkich dziedzin kultury oraz próba jej dostosowania do ściśle określonych ideologicznych i partyjnych norm znalazły odzwierciedlenie we wprowadzonej w 1934 r. doktrynie realizmu socjalistycznego. Celem kultury stalinowskiej była sakralizacja władzy oraz pełna unifikacja i podporządkowanie życia obywateli Związku Radzieckiego socjalistycznej wizji. Osoba wodza reprezentuje tu ideę państwa, przez co zyskuje szczególny, transcendentny wymiar, przekładający się także na relację z kulturą. Stalin będąc architektem najdoskonalszego, totalnego dzieła sztuki, jakim miał być socjalizm, zyskał status nie tylko opiekuna życia kulturalnego oraz mecenasa literatury i sztuki, ale najwybitniejszego, wszechmocnego stwórcy. Stalinowska rewolucja kulturalna miała na celu wypełnienie totalnego planu wodza, jakim było stworzenie radzieckiego człowieka i nowego świata.
EN
Stalin’s patronage over soviet art and literature was completely formalized at the beginning of the 1930’s. Political subordination of all domains of culture and its ideological and party standardization were expressed by implementation of socialist realism doctrine in 1934. The very purposes of Stalinist culture were power sacralisation, fully unification and subjugation of the Soviet Union citizens life to the socialist vision. Figure of the leader represents the idea of state that yielded him as a new transcendent dimension. Stalin as an architect of excellent and total piece of art—the socialism, obtained a new special status—became not only a sponsor of entire cultural life, but also the notable, almighty creator. The main goal of Stalinist cultural revolution was to realize the total plan of its leader: creation of the Soviet Man and the new world.
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