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1

Profesor Franciszek Sławski w moich oczach

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Babik Z.
Język Polski
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2016
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vol. 96
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issue 1
112-121
PL
Artykuł stanowi autorskie wspomnienie o profesorze Franciszku Sławskim (1916–2001), najbardziej znanym polskim badaczu leksyki słowiańskiej i polskiej, zredagowane w setną rocznicę jego urodzin. Przedstawiono w nim przegląd i charakterystykę najważniejszych jego dzieł (nieukończony wielki słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego, zaprojektowany i redagowany przezeń słowiański słownik porównawczy zwany słownikiem prasłowiańskim, próby syntezy słowotwórstwa prasłowiańskiego) oraz ich miejsce w obrębie dyscypliny. Próbowano także scharakteryzować osobowość badawczą F. Sławskiego, nie pomijając słabych stron jego warsztatu badawczego i kontestując niekiedy stanowisko przezeń zajmowane.
EN
The paper presents the author’s tribute to Professor Franciszek Sławski (1916–2001), the most renowned Polish researcher of Slavic and Polish vocabulary, written on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth. It includes a survey and an evaluation of his most important works (the unfinished great etymological dictionary of Polish, the comparative dictionary of Slavic languages, called “Common Slavic Dictionary” (“Słownik prasłowiański”), designed and edited by him, an attempt at a new synthesis of Common Slavic word formation, as well as assessment of their impact on the development of the respective discipline. An attempt is also made at characterizing the scientific personality of F. Sławski, without avoiding to point out some drawbacks of his methodical stance and to oppose some positions taken by him on various subjects.
2
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Uwagi do artykułu Pawła Swobody „Hydronim Szywra - efekt polsko-niemieckich kontaktów językowych”

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Babik Z.
Onomastica
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2018
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vol. 62
326-340
EN
Comment on Paweł Swoboda's article "Hydronim Szywra - efekt polsko-niemieckich kontaktów językowych".
3
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E. Zając, Toponimia powiatu tureckiego. Słownik nazw

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Babik Z.
Onomastica
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2018
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vol. 62
315-326
EN
[review]  Ewelina Zając, Toponimia powiatu tureckiego. Słownik nazw. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2016, 118 s.
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Nazwy rzeczne zlewni Wieprzówki - komentarze do haseł zamieszczonych w „Hydronymia Europaea” 12

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Babik Z.
Onomastica
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2015
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vol. 59
401-442
EN
The river Wieprzówka is an approximately 30 km long, left tributary of the Skawa river in the western part of Lesser Poland. The paper presents critical comments and remarks on the entries in question published in the 12th volume of the series “Hydronymia Europaea” in 1996. Extensive use of contemporary maps, historical sources and some other published and unpublished materials has enabled the author to correct and / or enrich our knowledge of the river names of that area. In particular, many historical names which, according to the authors of the volume, referred to objects that no longer exist or are nameless, now can be unequivocally identified with local rivers and streams. Among the etymological remarks contained in the paper, perhaps the most interesting are those aiming at the reconstruction of a topographic term *krakovъ > *kraków connected with the arboreal flora.
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Przerośl - próba rekonstrukcji ewolucji znaczenia apelatywu topograficznego

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Babik Z.
Onomastica
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2017
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vol. 61
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issue 2
323-334
EN
The paper discusses a set of likely related Polish geographical names: Przerośl(e) ~ Przyrośl(e). It is assumed that a topographic appellative, based evidently on the participle *perorslъ ʽovergrown’ underlies most of them, but the existing reconstructions of the semantics of the latter cannot be regarded as satisfactory. It is shown that przerośl(a), referring to an unspecified part of a lake near contemporary Złotów, is attested directly as an appellative in a North Polish source from the beginning of the 17th century, although unfortunately in a context which does not reveal its precise meaning. As a considerable percentage of these names refer to lakes or parts thereof, a new hypothesis is put forward, according to which the basic North Slavic meaning of the term was ʽlake bay of prolonged shape’ (Northern Poland) and ʽoxbow lake’ (Southern Poland). In South Slavic, on the contrary, reflexes of the same etymological structure *perorslь have developed the specific meaning ʽspecifically shaped rock, called natural bridge’.
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Nowy etap badań nad toponimią słowacką (uwagi po lekturze książki Ivety Valentovej „Lexika slovenských terénnych názvov. Koncepcia lexikografického spracovania”)

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Babik Z.
Onomastica
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2020
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vol. 64
229-238
EN
The text, inspired by the book in question, is devoted to contemporary investigations of Slovak terrain names, presenting them to the Polish reader. The main questions discussed are perspectives of a study of the archaic lexical stock, chiefly  of Slavic origin, conserved in Slovak toponymy, as well as the current organization of the dictionary entry, which is judged to be far from optimal. Some corrections to the entries in A- regarding concrete etymological solutions are suggested as well.
PL
Zainspirowany tytułową książką tekst jest poświęcony współczesnym badaniom nad słowackim nazew­nictwem terenowym, prezentując je polskiemu czytelnikowi. Głównymi poruszonymi zagadnie­niami są perspektywy badań nad archaicznym, głównie słowiańskiego pochodzenia złożem leksykal­nym zakonserwowanym w toponimii słowackiej, jak również obecna organizacja hasła słownikowego, oceniona jako daleka od optymalnej. Zasugerowano również pewną liczbę uwag do konkretnych rozwią­zań etymologicznych w zakresie haseł na A-.
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…a vado in Pruthenico Singurbrast et in Polonico Sgers nominato

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Babik Z.
Onomastica
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2017
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vol. 61
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issue 1
171-199
EN
The paper is devoted to the origin of a set of supposedly related Polish place names pointing to a Slavic proto-form *žьgъrʹь. Its main results can be summarized as follows:- The supposed topographic appellative is preserved in four to seven Polish, place or terrain names in Central and Northern Poland. Its precise meaning and etymology is not quite clear.- Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that a derivative of this rare word was preserved in Montenegro as žàgrica ʽslope’, the exact proto-form of which, however, cannot be established with certainty for the moment. The Slovak place name Žehra could be related as well.- An etymology is considered which attaches *žьgъrʹь < *giguri̯a- to the reduplicated root contained, e.g., in Old Indic jígāti.- The name of a ford on the Orzyc river (northeastern Poland), attested in the middle 14th century as Old Prussian Zingurbrast and Old Polish Żgierz should be considered rather as an originally Slavic (Proto- or Old Polish) toponym.
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The Campaign to Gather Terrain Names in Poland (1954?–1970?). The Project, Realization, Effects, and its Attempt at Evaluation

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Babik Z.
Onomastica
|
2019
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vol. 63
291-313
EN
The Campaign to Gather Terrain Names in Poland (1954?–1970?). The Project, Realization, Effects, and its Attempt at Evaluation Polish microtoponyms, as they were used in the middle 20th century, are known today mainly thanks to a field names-gathering action probably initiated in 1954 and finished as late as in 1970, carried out by Polish linguists from Krakow, Warsaw, Łódź, Wrocław, Toruń, Lublin and Poznań. The present paper tries to reconstruct its process and the fate of the collected materials, which served as the basis for the incomplete series “Official names of localities and physiographical objects” published in 142 county fascicles between 1963 and 1975. While part of them have been saved and are being published on a digital platform, a lot of information has been irretrievably lost due to the carelessness of its depositaries.
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Próba oceny skuteczności rozpoznawania etymonów apelatywnych i antroponimicznych w UN-owskich materiałach z pow. wadowickiego

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Babik Z.
Onomastica
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2021
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vol. 65
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issue 1
193-216
EN
The paper is the first part of a larger study aiming at characterizing toponyms of the Wadowice district (Małopolska Voivodeship, southern Poland), an area so far regarded as more densely populated only in late Middle Ages or later, on the basis of its etymons, both appellative and anthroponymical. Only names confirmed in the course of data collection in the late 1950s were taken into consideration. The main question to be answered is to what extent the procedures identifying etymons of geographical names currently used by toponomasticians can prove both effective and accurate. In this part of the study, attention was focused on appellative etymons. A list of such items has been compiled, containing words attested in the major dictionaries or collections of the Polish lexis, as well as archaisms reconstructed solely on the basis of related toponyms. Some of the latter ones are discussed at some length in the body of the paper; some have been preserved in their topographical meanings in other Slavic languages (*čelo ‛precipitous slope’ metaph., *čьrtorъja ‛valley’, *xobotъ ‛river bend’ metaph., *sъbojь in various meanings, derivative *svьrkъl- ‛(dwarf) spruce’ locally distorted to *ćwierkiel), others remain mere reconstructions, sometimes encountered in the toponymy of other parts of Poland as well (*gorěńь ‛burned forest”, *pertiŕь ‛path?’) or even endemic to that area (*nesъlnь ‛shaded place?’, *pobedr- ‛slope?’, *prik(ъ)ŕaznь ‛precipitous slope’, *ryšь -a -e ‛reddish’; *tьlčanь ‛valley?’ metaph.). The only few unattested terms can be easily explained as Polish in origin (e.g. *gorьnica ‛upper part of a village etc.’). To sum up, the 20th century toponymy of this area is characterized by a notable lack/paucity of more archaic native derivational models (no structures in *-ьsko, *-ьno or *-yni), but at the same time by a surprisingly large number of Slavic lexical archaisms preserved in place names.
PL
Artykuł stanowi pierwszą część większego opracowania zmierzającego do scharakteryzowania toponimii powiatu wadowickiego (województwo małopolskie), obszaru dotąd traktowanego jako zasiedlony dopiero od późnego średniowiecza lub później, z punktu widzenia ich etymonów, zarówno apelatywnych, jak i antroponimicznych. Wzięto pod uwagę jedynie nazwy potwierdzone podczas akcji zbierackiej przeprowadzonej w późnych latach 50. Badanie powinno odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w jakim stopniu procedury rozpoznające etymony tych nazw geograficznych są skuteczne i zarazem adekwatne. W tej części opracowania skupiono się na etymonach apelatywnych Zestawiono ich listę, zawierającą zarówno wyrazy zaświadczone w podstawowych słownikach i zbiorach leksyki polskiej, jak i archaizmy rekonstruowane wyłącznie z pochodnych toponimów. Kilka z nich zostało szczegółowo omówionych w tekście, niektóre zachowały się w ich znaczeniach topograficznych w innych językach słowiańskich (*čelo ‘stromy stok góry’ metaf., *čьrtorъja ‘wąwóz’, *xobotъ ‘zakręt rzeki’ metaf., *sъbojь w różnych znaczeniach, derywat *svьrkъl- ‘świerk’ lokalnie zniekształcony w *ćwierkiel), inne pozostają rekonstrukcjami, spotykanymi również w toponimii innych części Polski (*gorěńь ‘wypalony las’, *pertiŕь ‘ścieżka?’) lub wręcz endemicznymi w tym areale (*nesъlnь ‘miejsce zacienione?’, *pobedr- ‘stok?’, *prik(ъ)ŕaznь ‘stromy stok’, *ryšь -a -e ‘rudawy’, *tьlčanь ‘dolina?’ metaf.). Nieliczne mogą być zadowalająco objaśnione na gruncie polskim (np. *gorьnica ‘wyższa część wsi itp.’). Podsumowując, dwudziestowieczna toponimia tego obszaru odznacza się uderzającym brakiem / ubóstwem bardziej archaicznych modeli derywacyjnych (brak struktur na *-ьsko, *-ьno czy *-yni), ale jednocześnie zaskakująco wysokim udziałem archaizmów leksykalnych zachowanych w nazwach.
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Próba oceny skuteczności rozpoznawania etymonów apelatywnych i antroponimicznych w UN-owskich materiałach z pow. wadowickiego. Część II: Onimy, nazwy niejasne, wnioski

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Babik Z.
Wadoviana. Przegląd historyczno-kulturalny
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2022
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issue 25
5-29
EN
The paper is the second part of a larger study aiming at characterizing toponyms of the Wadowice district (Małopolska Voivodeship, southern Poland), an area so far regarded as more densely populated only in late Middle Ages or later, on the basis of its etymons, both appellative and anthroponymical. Only names confirmed in the course of data collection in the late 1950s were taken into consideration. The main question to be answered is to what extent the procedures identifying etymons of geographical names currently used by toponomasticians can prove both effective and accurate. In this part of the study, attention was focused on contemporary surnames of the district and surroundings as potential etymons of toponyms characterized by certain formal properties as specified by former research (structures in -ówka, -owa, -(ow)izna etc.). These were subsequently confronted with surnames registered in the archivalia of the former Roman Catholic decanate of Wadowice between 1786 and 1939. The analysis makes it clear that the anthroponymic stock contained in these place names can be shown to be predominantly local, whereas complete repertories of localized Polish surnames available since the 90es of the former century should be welcomed (and constantly used) as invaluable and reliable basis for such research. Remarks concerning other types of toponyms were presented as well.
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Ruczaj i *ręczaj w słownictwie i nazewnictwie polskim. Próba nowego spojrzenia z perspektywy słowiańskiej

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Babik Z.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2023
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issue 18
15-34
EN
Onomastic data entitle to believe that Old Polish inherited from Common Slavic two variants of a term for ‘(small) stream’, namely, *ręczaj < *rǫčajь and *ruczaj < *ručajь. Both seem attested only by proper names (15th–20th centuries), the former primarily by four toponyms in southern Mazovia (Ręczaje 3x and Zręczaje), while the latter left traces in the toponymy of Central Poland and of the southern part of Greater Poland. None of them has been confirmed lexically in the „native” Polish dialects of the 20th century. Starting from the 17th century, texts of some authors rooted in the North‑Eastern periphery of Middle Polish (Lithuania, Byelorussia) attest a term ruczåj -aju ‘stream’, which is to be regarded as a loan from Old Byelorussian. One is inclined to connect its subsequent penetration, as a poetical word, into the literary Polish (the late 19th century) with its multiple occurrences in key instances of poetry by Adam Mickiewicz, the most outstanding writer of the Polish Romanticism, whose roots lay precisely in the Byelorussian ethnic territory. In the historical Slavic languages we find reflexes of the related variants *rǫčajь, *ručajь, *ručьjь (and *rǫčьjь?) and probably *(ne)rǫčь (~ *(ne)ručь?), the latter presumably constituting a starting point for the former four. A reliable reconstruction of the primary form together with its true etymological cognates seems, however, very difficult, if not impossible at all.
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