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EN
In development of Polish adult education and andragogy, as theoretical thought, two main factors are visible: internal social and cultural needs, and external examples and inspirations. Contemporary Polish organization of adult education is 90 years old, because it was January 1919 when the Institute of Adult Education in Warsaw was established and in 1918 the Polish Free Commonwealth started to act as first Polish open university. Shortly after new institutions were established, such as schools, folk high schools and popular universities, self-directed learning counseling, distance education, educational periodicals and associations. Polish representatives of adult education participated in World Adult Education Conference in Cambridge in 1929 and introduced Poland into World Adult Education Federation. International institutions' help and patterns were used in Poland, as well as publications from international centers and conferences but also our own forms of adult education were created: self-directed learning, folk high schools for Poles and minorities like Ukrainians, Belorussians and Germans. In Polish adult education actively participated teachers, professors, writers, politicians, journalists, that made Polish adult education a social movement. After the Second World War there was stagnation and even regress in adult education, which was narrowed only to substitutive functions and vocational courses and schools. There were not many research, publications and the Institute of Adult Education was liquidated. Currently Poland is getting back to traditions of adult education, intensifies international cooperation and Polish representatives participate in Adult Education Conferences in Hamburg and Belem. International publications are translated into Polish, and international exchange of experience is organized. In Poland the Academic Andragogical Society acts and adult education periodicals are published e.g. Andragogy Yearbook the 16th volume of which we present to our readers.
EN
In the paper 2010 as year of the centennial anniversary of death of two famous Polish novelists is presented. The author analyses their lives, writings and friendship because the two novelists new each other very well. However the author focuses on educational issues of their lives and works. He analyses their ways of educational career as well as their educational activity in the area of literature. He also points to their views and social activity in time of the 19th century when Poland was still divided into three parts and governed by three foreign empires. He underlines that their writings and social activity were crucial for Polish cultural identity shaping and sustaining.
PL
Autor z uznaniem przyjmuje wydanie nowej pracy o biografii i zasługach wojskowych oraz naukowych Elżbiety Zawackiej – nauczycielki, żołnierza, profesora uniwersytetu i generała Wojska Polskiego autorstwa Katarzyny Minczykowskiej pt. Cichociemna. Generał Elżbieta Zawacka „Zo”. Autorką pracy jest byłą współpracowniczką profesor Elżbiety Zawackiej i nie tylko przeanalizowała archiwalne zasoby Fundacji Generał Elżbiety Zawackiej, ale także archiwa Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego i Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu oraz materiały zdeponowane w Londynie, gdzie mieścił się sztab Naczelnego Wodza, do którego w 1943 roku dotarła kapitan Zawacka jako kurier z Warszawy, od komendanta Armii Krajowej. Zgromadzone materiały pozwoliły dość szczegółowo przedstawić lata szkolne i młodość Zawackiej, jej studia i działalność w Wojskowej Służbie Kobiet, formacjach NSZ i AK, a następnie w okresie powojennym, jako studentki i doktorantki, nauczycielki szkół dla dorosłych. Sporo informacji przekazuje o aresztowaniu i prześladowaniach więzionej bohaterki narodowej i jej uwolnieniu. Autor prowadzi także polemikę z K. Minczykowską i wskazuje zaniedbania w wykorzystywaniu prac wydanych w 2009 roku, informacji o habilitacji i przewodzie profesorskim, ogólnikowe potraktowanie działalności w Międzynarodowej Radzie Kształcenia na Odległość, a także pracy naukowej w uniwersytetach gdańskim i toruńskim. Podstawowe prace nie zostały ujęte w bogatej bibliografii, a sporo przemilczeń i ogólników wymaga uzupełnień i korekt. Autor analizy wnosi wkład w optymalne ukazanie życia i zasług Elżbiety Zawackiej.
EN
The author appreciatively welcomes the release of a new work by Katarzyna Minczykowska Cichociemna. Generał Elżbieta Zawacka „Zo” devoted to the biography, military and scientific merit of Elżbieta Zawacka – the teacher, soldier, the professor and the general of the Polish army. The book’s author is a former co-worker of professor Zawacka. Not only did she analyse the resources of the Foundation of General Elżbieta Zawacka (Fundacja Generał Elżbiety Zawackiej), but also she visited the archives of the Institute of National Remembrance (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej), the University of Gdansk and the University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Torun. Moreover, the author analysed the materials deposited in London, where the headquarters of Commander-in-chief were placed and which, in 1943, captain Zawacka reached as a courier from the Home Army (Armia Krajowa) in Warsaw. Collected materials allowed to present in detail Zawacka’s school life and youth, the period of her studies and activities in the Military Service of Women, NSZ and AK formations, then, in the post-war period as a student and later as a doctoral student, the teacher of school for adults. Considerable amount of information is devoted to arrest and persecution of imprisoned national heroine and her release. The author of the article disputes with K. Minczykowska and indicates negligence in the use of works published in 2009, information about Zawacka’s habilitation and her proceedings to qualify for a professor’s degree, vaguely treating her activity in International Council for Distance Education and academic work at the University of Gdansk and Torun. Basic works have not been included in the rich biography, there are some facts left unsaid and number of generalities require corrections. The author of the analysis attempts to present the life and merit of Elżbieta Zawacka.
EN
The preparation for a study of the characteristics of students undertaking studies, including their motivation for choosing a particular field of study and their expectations after graduation began in 1990. The German group conducted a survey among the students of the universities of Jena, Potsdam, Berlin (HUB) and technical universities of Jena, Weimar and Zittau. A total of 1207 students were questioned. The Polish group consisted of 1649 people from 19 majors in the University of Warsaw and 10 in the Nicolaus Copernicus University of Toruń. They were surveyed, among others, on their willingness to cooperate with the local government, the assessment of tasks and values of the universities, their expectations regarding future employment and the confidence about their own development. The cooperation between the two institutions continued and the research was extended by new research topics, such as the culture of studying in the transition period and adult cultural education.
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Rok 2016

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9
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Rok 2015

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