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EN
The view that the press has an almost unlimited power of influencing public opinion is hard to question. For this reason, legal regulations regarding the press have frequently been dependent on the current political system. State authorities, being aware of the impact that the press may have on public opinion, have been eager to create the press law. The years 1919-1939 were a period of increased legislative activity with respect to the press law on the territory of Poland. The legal acts that were passed at that time aimed not only at eliminating particularisms stemming from the regulations practised by the invading countries, but also at shaping the limits of the freedom of press so as to enable the authorities to control the content of the published texts. Therefore, the present article analyses individual press law acts applicable in the years 1919-1939 for the legal structures that affected the degree of freedom of speech granted to the press. Also, an attempt has been made at answering the question whether the contemporary po- litical situation has affected the shape of the press law.
PL
Abstract: Remedies for the protection of constitutional rights and freedoms The only way for human and citizens’ rights and freedoms indicated by Chapter II of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland to be fully realized is providing an effective system of remedies for the protection of constitutional rights and freedoms. As it has been repeatedly emphasized in the case‑lawn of both the European Court of Human Rights and the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, such legal institutions as the right to court, the right to constitutional complaint, or the right to file a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights play a major role in guaranteeing the actual existence of the rights and freedoms granted by the Constitution. This reality is also backed by statistical data which unanimously suggest that persons whose rights and freedoms are infringed upon quite frequently use the legal remedies granted to them. Therefore, it seems necessary to analyze the structure of remedies for the protection of constitutional rights and freedoms. Key words: human and citizens’ rights, remedies for the protection of constitutional rights and freedoms, the right to court, the right to constitutional complaint, the right to file.
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