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Nacjonalistyczne koncepcje wychowania we współczesnej myśli narodowo-radykalnej

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Figiel D.

Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk

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2012

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issue 2

EN

National upbringing is concentrated around 20th century national concepts and often adopts radical approaches. Nationalism, which in its essence is an ideological movement, today is perceived in a very negative way: by putting people at its forefront, it emphasizes their autonomy. Polish nationalism is grounded in religion, more specifically, in Christianity with its traditionalist foundation. Today, Polish nationalism, as a national movement, balances between the national and the radical. One of its most established national formations is the National Rebirth of Poland, which presents its views, including national upbringing, in the journal "Szczerbiec". Its postulates are based on the Third Way theory. In this paper, I focus on the 20th century concepts of national education and the reception of those concepts in the contemporary national movement. My main aim is to present contemporary views about the formation of national education which does not identify itself with notions such as racism, anti-Semitism or ethnical, racial or national hatred. I also present nationalism as an idea, an ideology aimed at unification, preservation of tradition and the development of an individual, rather than the pursuit of alienation and the reinforcement of antagonistic attitudes leading to hatred. Nationalism traditionally carries a negative connotation associated with Nazi and fascist ideologies. However, nowadays it adopts a very different attitude: it advocates social movement and cultural exchange of experience, and thusis now called by some the "last bastion of hope". Therefore, it becomes necessary to cast new positive light on nationalism and its aspirations, and refrain from perceiving it as a destructive movement.

2

The experience of the Hitler Youth - boys in the national-socialism

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Figiel D.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

112-125

EN

Losing the First World War, unemployment, the generation gap and the cult of youth led to the party of Adolf Hitler gaining popularity in the Weimar Republic. Using slogans of the restoration of a strong Germany the national socialists organized structures, which formed and educated German Youth. Hitler Youth – brought up according to the rule: “youth leads youth” – was a very fertile environment for the spread of the idea of national-socialism. The specific values – racial supremacy, honour, obedience – handed down by parents were the beginning of the Nazi indoctrination. In the later period such organizations as Bund Deutscher Madel or Hitlerjugend took power over German youth. Education, upbringing, ideological content used by the institutions in Nazi Germany are described in the extensive literature on the subject. However, very important are the experiences of individual members of the Hitler Youth that show the Nazi youth activities from a time perspective. Experiences such as the wisdom of life, and gained knowledge, enable recognition and description of the reality which is discussed. The scope of historical and pedagogical research shows the essential facts constituting the full picture of the life of young people during Nazi era.

3

Rodzina na łamach czasopisma „Zawsze Wierni” Bractwa Świętego Piusa X

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Figiel D.

Wychowanie w Rodzinie

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2015

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vol. XII

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issue (2/2015)

215-231

EN

Issues of the roles, functions, and responsibilities of families are repeatedly discussed by the Church. Marriage, family and fatherhood are the main values which the Church defends. But there is a context of divergent views: post-council (Second Vatican Council) Church versus the Saint Pius X Brotherhood which has been established by Marcel Lefebrve. Issues of Integrism have been still raised by the contemporary Church, which does not agree with the views of the Saint Pius X Brotherhood. This division came after the Second Vatican Council. This is particularly important because in a social context the integrists views are extremely radical. The fulfilling of the religious function which is based on the Saint Pius X Brotherhood thoughts can cause difficulties in accommodating oneself within a multicultural, multireligious social reality. From this point of view, family and its image presented in the Brotherhood journal “Always Faithful” are important. The radical views of integrists on ecumenism, religious freedom, liberalism and modernism display the attitude toward other religions. All views, attitudes and actions directed towards the objections to modernist changes are called integrism, and its representatives are integrists. Analysis of magazines, encyclicals and speeches propagated by members of the Saint Pius X Brotherhood allows a view of the family from the Catholic tradition. The modernistic approach of the contemporary Church and presenting family in that context is at variance with views which have been propagated by Integrists. In turn the Saint Pius X Brotherhood and the propagated traditional views do not respond to the needs of the contemporary reality – not only in religious terms but also social ones.

PL

Kwestie roli, funkcji, zadań rodziny są wielokrotnie podejmowane przez Kościół. Małżeństwo, rodzina, ojcostwo są głównymi wartościami, których Kościół broni. Jest jednak kontekst rozbieżnych poglądów, Kościół posoborowy – Bractwo Świętego Piusa X założone przez Marcela Lefebrve. Podział ten nastąpił w okresie trwania Soboru Watykańskiego II. Jest to szczególnie ważne, ponieważ w kontekście społecznym poglądy integrystów są skrajnie radykalne. Realizacja funkcji religijnej, opartej na założeniach Bractwa Piusa X, może powodować trudności z dostosowaniem się do wielokulturowej, wieloreligijnej rzeczywistości społecznej. Z kolei problematyka integryzmu podejmowana jest ciągle przez współczesny Kościół, który nie zgadza się z poglądami wyrażanymi przez Bractwo Piusa X. Z tego punktu widzenia istotny jest obszar rodziny i jej obraz przedstawiany w czasopiśmie Bractwa „Zawsze Wierni”. Radykalne poglądy integrystów na ekumenizm, wolność religijną, liberalizm i modernizm wskazują kierunek względem innych religii i wyznań. Całość podglądów, postaw oraz działań, ukierunkowanych na sprzeciw wobec zmian modernistycznych określa się mianem integryzmu, zaś samych przedstawicieli integrystami. Analiza czasopism, encyklik oraz prelekcji głoszonych przez członków Bractwa Świętego Piusa X pozwala spojrzeć na rodzinę od strony tradycji katolickiej. Podejście modernistyczne Kościoła współczesnego i ujmowanie w tym kontekście rodziny jest niezgodne z poglądami głoszonymi przez integrystów. Z kolei Bractwo Piusa X i głoszone tradycyjne poglądy nie odpowiadają potrzebom współczesnej rzeczywistości – nie tylko religijnej, ale i społecznej.

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Nacjonalistyczne koncepcje wychowania we współczesnej myśli narodowo-radykalnej

The experience of the Hitler Youth - boys in the national-socialism

Rodzina na łamach czasopisma „Zawsze Wierni” Bractwa Świętego Piusa X