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Wobec „ludu ruskiego…”. „Myśl Narodowa” (1921–1939) wobec mniejszości ukraińskiej i białoruskiej

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Jastrzębski P.

Historia i Polityka

2010

issue 4(11)

70-83

The Ukrainian and Belarusian issue in the period of interwar Poland constituted the fundamental axis of the National Democracy policy on contemporary Slav minorities living in Poland. National elites and opinion-forming circles of the national camp refused the rightto self-determination to Ukrainian and Belarusian minorities. They were judging both groups as unable to create a modern view on its ethnicity, politics and social affairs. Therefore they were emphasizingthatUkrainians and Belarusians constituted the part of "Ruthenian” group and don’t meet any criteria, allowing them to be categorized as a separate nation. Therefore all tensions and conflicts were treated disputes inside one Polish nation. Hence resulted positive assessment of assimilation chances for the Ukrainian and Belarusian people. National Democracy emphasized the lack of national differences between Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians. The Polonization of "kresy” was regarded as a specificmission of civilization, in which National Democracy saw an excellent opportunity to strengthen the vital forces ofthe Polish nation. Improvingthe economical situation of the Ukrainian and Belarussian minority was regarded necessary to cool radical anti-Polish moods among the minorities. Finally the National Democracy opposed absolutely plans of granting the national autonomy both minorities accepting only creating the territorial autonomy - self-government.

Z rynku prasowego Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej. Odbiorcy i zasięg oddziaływania „Myśli Narodowej” w latach 1921-1939

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Jastrzębski P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Librorum

2010

vol. 16

In the interwar period the “National Thought” was elite weekly of the national camp about character ideologically – theoretical. The main task of the weekly was adopted by the disclosure of the National Democracy political line and shaping in spirit of members the national camp, as well as wide groups of the public opinion. Circles having with a higher education that is an intelligence and widely understood elites were a recipient of the letter. In contemporary Poland it wasn't a large group and essentially could count not more than 1.5 m of persons. “National Thought” was for the National Democracy above all the unusually essential tool of attracting the intelligentsia and holding it, as well as other chosen social groups, contacts. Therefore the periodical was characterized by an editorial and technical high level, showing reflections of political, social and cultural most outstanding politicians and national ideologists. The letter was issued in Warsaw and had a nationwide scope although indeed reached the largest municipal centers above all. Effectively the financial problems typical of the Polish press of that period lowered the scope of the letter, relatively low circulation in good years the copy reaching the over 5 thousand and accepted exclusiveness of the periodical. This phenomenon typical of magazines was ideologically – political in the period of interwar Poland. Editors of “National Thought” as an elitist statement, avoid the spectacular marketing activities and therefore the basic form of periodical distribution, essentially limiting the mass range, for which extension in but never was a subscription, and not the street distribution. Subscriptions were made through post offices or direct orders by editors. The newspaper could also be purchased at selected bookstores in the country. The technique adopted was to distribute the newspaper to create the strongest ties to its recipient. Distribution of the letter dealt with the biggest distribution company in Poland –Polish Association of Railway Bookshop “Ruch” from Warsaw leading wholesale distribution of letters in the most remote corners of the country.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Librorum

1 Historia i Polityka

2 Jastrzębski P.

2 2010

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Wobec „ludu ruskiego…”. „Myśl Narodowa” (1921–1939) wobec mniejszości ukraińskiej i białoruskiej

Z rynku prasowego Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej. Odbiorcy i zasięg oddziaływania „Myśli Narodowej” w latach 1921-1939