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1

Rola i formy mecenatu przemysłu w dziedzinie ochrony zabytków i przystosowaniu ich do potrzeb turystyki

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Lorentz S.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1967

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issue 4

6-10

FR

En tenant compte du développement universel du tourisme, il faudrait adapter les musées et les monuments historiques à une exploitation largement conçue et les mettre à la portée des masses. Le tourisme devrait donc participer aux frais de leur adaptation r a tionnelle. A l’échelle internationale, peuvent servir d’exemples les Cuzco et Macchu-Picchu au Pérou, la zone afférante de la ville Izmir en Turquie, Téhéran et Isfahan en Iran, pour lesquels des experts de l’UNESCO ont élaboré des projets d’adaptation e t d’aménagement. Il semble juste d’engager pour ce genre d’activité sur notre territoire des fonds et des moyens fa isant partie du budget touristique. Dans nos conditions, un mécénat très important peut être effectué par l’industrie qui possède des fonds considérables pour des buts culturels et pour l’organisation du repos de ses travailleurs. Un exemple en est déjà fourni par la restauration du château de Baranów sous les auspices du Centre industriel du soufre de Tarnobrzeg. De façon similaire, le Centre industriel de Nowa Huta pourrait s’occuper du château de Niepołomice e t les Etablissements des Azotes de Puławy — étendre leur protection sur le château de Janowiec. Le patronage de l’industrie serait doublement justifié en ce qui concerne les monuments d’où elle a tiré ses origines, notamment les sites industriels historiques. La coopération de l’industrie et du to u risme avec les ogranismes de la protection des biens culturels est nécessité par l’inté rêt commun de toute la nation. Selon l’auteur, l’un des principaux caractères du mécénat socialiste dont les prémices se font voir dans le domaine de la culture, consiste à concevoir des solutions d’ensemble aux problèmes culturels.

2

Człowiek i jego środowisko / Stanisław Lorentz.

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Lorentz S.

Notatki Płockie. Kwartalnik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego

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1971

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vol. 16

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issue 1 (60)

3

Przedmowa

100%

Lorentz S.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1962

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issue 3

3-11

EN

The Wilanów pałace and park, dating from the 17th century, is one of the rare monuments in Poland in which not only the original architecture but also the decorative sculpture and. painting, the interior furnishings and the collection of works of art have been preserved. Talking into consideration the significance of this monument for the history of Polish culture, the Council o f Ministers of the Polish People’s Republic adopted a resolution on its restoration in 1954. The resolution designates means for conservation work and for its adoptation into a modern museum. During the work on safeguarding the valuable monument, some unfortunate alterations made in the 19th and 20th centuries were removed and, on the other hand, some neglected polychrome, sculpture and decorations were uncovered. Thirty restored .palace chambers have been opened to the public this year. This coincides with the 100th anniversary of the National Museum. The restoration of the palace will be completed in 1964.

RU

Дворцово-огородный комплекс в Вилянове происходящий из XVII века, является одним из весьма немногочисленных старинных объектов в Польше, сохранивших не только свой достоверный архитектонический стиль, декоративное, художественное и скульптурное искусство, но также оснащение внутреннего убранства и коллекцию дел искусства. Принимая по внимание ценную, значительную стоимость этого комплеса для истории польской культуры, Совет Министра Польской Народной Республики в 1954 году выдал постановление по делу перестройки этого объекта, обеспечивая притом материальные средства для проведения со- хранительных работ и приспособления объекта к потребностям современной музейной деятельности. В течении хода работ, прочно обеспечивающих ценные памятники, удалено неудачные перестройки, исполненные в XIX и XX веке, открывая притом скульптурное и декоративное искусство, а также забытую полихромию. В текущем году отремонтировано 30 зал, делая их доступными для зрителей в связи с сотой годовщиной существованная Народного Музея. Полная перестройка Дворца предусматривается в 1964 г.

4

Udział Muzeum Narodowego w dziele ratowania Zamku Królewskiego w Warszawie

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Lorentz S.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1973

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issue 1

3-12

EN

The a u th o r, who fo r se v e ra l decades is k e ep in g th e po st of d ire c to r of th e N a tio n a l Museum, W a rsaw, h ad his a c tiv e p a r t in s a fe g u a rd in g of collections once housed in th e Royal Castle. On th e o u tb re a k of th e Second World War b o th fu ll o u tf it a n d collections r e m a in ed in th e ir o rig in a l p la c e s a n d only on S e p tem b e r 6, 1939 w h en th e m em b e rs of Po lish g o v e rnm e n t an d adm in is tra tio n w e re le a v in g th e c a p ita l th e ir moet v a lu ab le p o rtio n s h av e b e en removed. D u rin g th e siege of W arsaw, i.e. u n til S e p tem b e r 28, 1939 th e Royal Castle as an in v a lu a b le m o n um en t of th e Polish cu ltu re was used n o r a s a m ilita ry s tro n g hold n e ith e r as sto rin g p la c e fo r m ilita ry e q u ipm en t, weapons or amm u n itio n . Ev en th a t fa c t, h owever, did not p re v e n t th e nazi troops from h e av y b om b a rdm en ts b o th from a ir an d by a rtille ry an d th e Castle sh a re d th e fa te s of th e o th e r W a rs aw ’s „m ilita ry ” ta rg e ts th e list of whom w a s composed of ch u rch e s, mu seums, schools an d hospitals. In S e p tem b e r 1939 a g re a t d e a l of e ffo rts a im ed a t sa feg u a rd in g of c u ltu ra l p ro p e r ty bein g th e n a tio n ’s h is to ric a l m o n um en ts w e re sh a re d by th e employees of th e N a tio n a l Museum in th is city. When on S e p tem b e r 17, 1939 th e b u ild in g w a s s e t in fire as a re s u lt of one of consecutive b om b a rdm e n ts to its re scu e w e n t th e w o rk in g te am s from th e N a tio n a l Museum a c tin g side by side w ith fire -b rig a d e s a n d th e h u n d re d s of civ ilian s from th e Old Town q u a rte r. S te fa n S ta r z y ń ski, th e n th e Mayor of W a rsaw s e n t a gro u p of tru c k s fo r tra n sp o rta tio n of collections p re s e rv e d from th e b u rn in g Castle. S ta rtin g from th e day of fire u n til th a t on w h ich th e nazi tro o p s e n te re d th e s tre e ts of W a rsaw e v e ry n ig h t an d day w e re tra n sp o rte d to th e M u seum ’s c e lla rs a ll re lic s h av in g an y h is to ric a l v a lu e — th e ro y a l th ro n e , p a in tin g s b y C a n a le tto an d M. Baccia re lli, th o se ad o rn in g th e K n ig h ts ’ Hall, a collection of p o rtra its of th e Polish K ings from th e Ma rb le S tu d y , th e bronze b u ste s a n d h e ad s, th e p a in tin g s of th e Polish an d foreign m a s te rs , th e scu lp tu re s , ta p e s trie s, fu rn itu r e pieces, p e n d u la a n d clocks, b ro n zes and sev e ra l specimens of d e co ra tiv e a rt. On S e p tem b e r 20 to e x te n d th e a ction c a rrie d o u t b y th e Museum an d to m ak e it more e ffe c tiv e th e Mayor o rd e red th e fo r ma tio n of sp ecial te am s e n tru s te d w ith th e ta sk of s a feg u a rd in g of h is to ric a l m o n um e n ts an d c u ltu ra l p ro p e rty . The collections rem o v ed from th e Castle w e re c a re fu lly h id d en in th e Museum. So, for ex am p le , th e ro y a l th ro n e w a s co v e red w ith h e ap s of b u ild in g w a ste s a n d d ebris w h e re it safely su rv iv ed th e whole p e rio d of nazi occupation an d th e Wa rsaw Up risin g in 1944. A t th e en d of Octo b er 1939, w h e n th e h ig h e s t nazi a u th o ritie s mad e a decision to en tire ly d e stro y W a rs aw ’s Royal Castle an u n d e rg ro u n d gro u p of n e a rly a dozen Po lish a r t h is to ria n s an d a rc h ite c ts decided to u n d e rta k e th e s a feg u a rd in g of th e most v a lu a b le e le m en ts of in te rio r d e co ra tio n s as th e p la fo n d s, f ire - p la c e s, doorways, scu lp tu re s a n d wainscots. They also in ten d e d to p re p a re th e sam p le cu ts an d sections of a rc h ite c tu ra l d e ta ils an d d e co ra tio n s as, fo r in s tan c e , th e cornices, stuccos, m u ra l p a in tin g s , to h av e p re s e rv ed th e m a te ria ls allowin g th e fu tu re re co n s tru c tio n . With th a t ta sk was e n tru s te d th e d ire c to r of th e N a tio n a l Museum, an d a lre a d y on November 5, 1939 th e s trip p in g h a s begun. The most complicated w o rk p ro v ed to be th e sa feg u a rd in g of a r c h ite c tu ra l fra gm en ts an d sc u lp tu re s ad o rn in g th e e lev a tio n s. The la rg e -siz ed stone blocks w e re h ew n o u t an d rem o v ed w h ich th e d an g e ro u s w o rk w a s su p p o rted by tam p e re d w ith o ffic ia l documents, of w hom th e tw o rep ro d u c ed h e re a re th e mo st convincing witnesses. In th e ir deep b e lie f th a t th e Royal Castle w ill be r e b u ilt in p o s t-w a r tim e s th e m em b e rs of th a t illegally o p e ra tin g te am c a re fu lly collected an d p re s e rv e d th e re sp e c tiv e d o cum en ta ry m a te ria ls as p lan s , d e sc rip tions or p h o to g rap h s. F u rth e rm o re , all m e a su re s ta k e n by nazi oc cu p an ts w e re co n stan tly w a tc h e d w ith th e aim in view th a t th e ro b b ed c u ltu ra l p ro p e rty could b e tra c ed more ea sily in p ro p e r time. In 1939 a n d in la te r y e a rs th e d e ta iled in v e n to rie s of th e all sa feg u a rd ed ob je c ts w e re p re p a re d an d w h e n e v e r th e po ssib ilities ex is ted th e y w e re su b je c ted to re s to ra tio n an d co n serv atio n . A p a r t of th e p re s e rv e d collections from W a rs aw ’s Royal Castle w a s d isp la y ed in e x h ib itio n title d „Warsaw a c cu ses” w h ich was in a u g u ra te d on May 3, 1945. The most v a lu a b le pieces w e re shown once ag a in in ex h ib itio n th a t w a s opened to p ublic on March 1, 1971. All th ey , owing to ex c ep tio n a l co u rag e a n d sacrificies of man y common people h av e su rv iv ed in w a r d is a ste rs an d a lre a d y in a few y e a rs w ill be p la c ed b a ck in W a rs aw ’s Royal Castle.

5

ICOMOS 1965-1980

100%

Lorentz S.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1980

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issue 2

100-103

EN

In the spring of 1926 the Commission for Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations initiated the establishment of the International Institute of Museums (Office International des Musées). In January 1927 the first meeting of experts was held at Geneve, at which a programme for the work of this new organization was set up. In April 1927 there appeared the first volume of the „Mouseion” , an official publication of the International Institute of Museums, while the last volumes (55—56) were published in 1946. In 1948, upon the initiative of the UNESCO the first book of a new publication entitled „The Museum” was published and it was a continuation of the „Mouseion” . It was also in 1948 that the first General Assembly of the International Council of Museums (ICOM) was held in Paris, in Ecole du Louvre. The international cooperation in the field of the protection of monuments found its expression in a number of works. Still, before the last World War there was neither any office that would correspond tot he International Institute of Museums nor any publication of international character. One should however note at this point that initiatives of international cooperation in the field of the protection of art monuments were undertaken by the organizations grouping architects, just to mention the resolution of „The Athenian Charter” in 1931. In 1932 the International Commission for Intellectual Cooperation addressed the Assembly of the League of Nations with a proposal that all member countries should organize — in their respective territories, amongst the people, particularly amongst the young ones, campaigns aimed at their awareness of the significance of cultural property and the conviction that all people should participate in the protection of the heritage of the past. However, no concrete broad-scaled activities were undertaken at that time. The establishment of the 1COM in 1948 brought about the necessity to agree an adequate organizational structure for international cooperation in the field of the protection of art monuments. On October 17—21, 1949 the Experts Committee had its meeting in the offices of the UNESCO in Paris. Professor Paulo Cornerio from Brasil was appointed Chairman of the meeting, Stanisław Lorentz from Poland — Vice-Chairman, while Ronald Lee from the USA was a commentator. The meeting of the Committee was attended by nearly 20 representatives of the countries from a few continents. They called for the setting-up of a permanent international committee of the UNESCO experts to deal with problems of art monuments, historic complexes and archaeological excavations. Besides, the participants of the meeting examined reports presented by the delegates and discussed problems involved in war destructions and a post-war reconstruction of historic complexes. The Polish delegate presented a photographic display illustrating the reconstruction of art monuments and historic complexes in Poland after the war. The Committee of Experts was brought to life by Director General of the UNESCO; the Polish delegate became its member and later its chairman. However, activities of the Committee died out after some time. Still, both in 1949 and in the subsequent years a very active role was played by Jan van der Haagen, chief of Museums and Art Monuments Section in the UNESCO, who maintained lively contacts with a number of countries in different parts of the world and put much effort in the development of international cooperation in the field of museology and the protection of cultural property. The report from the conference of the Committee o f Experts, held in October, 1949, was published in a special edition of ,,The Museum” (vol. Ill, No I, 1950). The edition starts with an opening speech delivered by Jaime Torres Bodet, Director General of the UNESCO, while comprehensive reflection on the subjects raised during the conference were published by Professor Roberto Pane. The first place was devoted to the discussions on the report presented by a Polish representative, which was a tribute paid to our country. The article was illustrated with photographs showing the East-West Route (the so-called Trasa W-Z), Wroclaw’s Cathedral, St Mary’s Church in Gdańsk and the main building of Warsaw University (altogether 19 illustrations). The years that followed were not favourable for international cooperation in the field of culture. It was only in 1954 that major tasks were undertaken. Upon the initiative of the UNESCO an international conference on the protection of art monuments in case of an armed conflict was called in the Hague. The conference was the first one to introduce an official term „cultural property” . The polish delegation including Stanisław Lorentz (President), Jan Zachwatowicz and Kazimierz Malinowski also attended this conference. After month-long debates an international convention on the protection of cultural property in case of an armed conflict was signed, but due to a disparity of opninion amongst delegates the convention had a compromising character. In spite of that, it should be regarded as an important international act of enormous moral significance. The setting-up of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property in Rome in 1959 (upon the initiative of the UNESCO) represented a further step in the development of scientific and organizational contacts between the states in different continents. Poland was one of the seven countries which inaugurated the activity of the Centre. Our active participation in its works resulted in that that the Polish representative, Professor Stanisław Lorentz, was vice-chairman of the Centre for six years, and then again for six years, its chairman. The idea to create an international organization devoted to the protection of cultural property, corresponding to the ICOM, was voiced more and more frequently by both art historians and architects. This found its reflection in the congress of architects held in Venetia in 1964, where such a postulate was supported by Professor Piero Gazzola on behalf of the Italians, and by Professor Jan Zachwatowicz on behalf of the Polish side. The latter played also a very active role in elaborating „The Venetian Charter” which determined roads of to-day’s preservation art. On account of her great efforts in the field of the care taken of art monuments in a post-war period, Poland was proposed the task of arranging an organizational assembly and the 1st General Assembly of a new institution called ICOMOS (The International Council of Monuments and Sites); a great importance was attached to the introduction of the notion of „historic complex” into the name itself, in the light of the post-war experiences and modern concepts of the protection of cultural property. On June 21—22, 1965 a huge hall of the National Museum in Warsaw was the place o f the Constitutionary Assembly of the ICOMOS, while on June 24—25, 1965 Senators’ Hall in Cracow’s Royal Castle opened its door to the 1st General Assembly. Professor Piero Gazola was elected Chairman of the ICOMOS, Professor Raymond Lemaire — Secretary General, and Professor Lorentz — Chairman of the Advisory Committee. After 15 years we can say that the ICOMOS, which to-day includes representatives of 68 countries performed a great work in that period. The credit for this goes to its Chairman, Piero Gazzola, who represented unique virtues and qualifications and who showed great kindness to people from, all over the world, with different political and social outlooks, of various age and various professional qualifications. Professor Piero Gazzola directed the ICOMOS in a resolute way but with an in-born delicacy. Also Secretary General of the ICOMOS, Professor Raymond Lemaire, who succeeded Professor P. Gazzola as Chairman of the organization, had a great share in its attainments. Thanks to his broad international contacts the ICOMOS has attracted all those countries which attach a great significance to the maintenance of their cultural property and to international cooperation in the field of the care of man’s cultural heritage. The Polish National Committee of the ICOMOS enjoys social trust and government’s support. We attach a big importance to general activities of the ICOMOS and its specialistic Committees. On the 15th anniversary of the ICOMOS we welcome cordially in Poland the Executive Committee and the Advisory Committee, which have chosen this country as a place for their annual meeting. We wish the ICOMOS further successful works and the best development. Professor dr Stanisław Lorentz President o f the Polish National Comittee o f ICOMOS

6

Słowo wstępne

100%

Lorentz S.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1948

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issue 1

1-2

FR

D epu is 1931, aucune revue en Pologne ne pa r la it des problèmes de conservation. Afin de combler c ette lacune, l’Association des H istoriens d ’Art a d é c id é, d ’accord avec la Dir ec tion Centrale des Musées et de la Protection des Monuments auprès du Ministère des Beaux Arts, de commencer la p u b lication d ’un périodique qui, d ’une manière sy stém a tiq u e, pr é sentera it a u x le c teurs les résultats du travail des conservateurs, ainsi que les plus récentes d é couvertes sc ien tifiqu es. Étant donné les pertes immenses que nous avons subies pendant la dernière guerre dans les domaine des monuments ar tistiq ue s et, par suite, le travail fort étendu île conservation, nous serons oblig és de nous borner à de courts articles et à des mentions. Cette revue n ’est pas destinée uniquement aux 'spécialistes, mais ég alemen t a u x nombreux amis des monuments du passé; aussi nous effo r c erons-nous de présenter touis les problèmes d ’une manière simple, claire et aisée à comprendre.

7

Wspomnienie z dawnych lat

100%

Lorentz S.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1984

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issue 2

100-102

8

Natolin

100%

Lorentz S.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1948

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issue 1

27-31

XX

Le pa la is de N a t o l i n , dans la lo ca lité de ce nom, près de Varsovie, fut é le v é par la princesse Isabelle Lubomirska, en 1780, d’après les projets de l’arch ite c te Simon Bogumił Zug, en s ty le classique. En 1806, on entreprit la reconstruction du p a la is d’après les projets du nouveau propriétaire, célèbre connaisseur en architecture, Stan islas Kostka -P o to cki e t tde l’arch ite cte Pierre Aigner. Le stuc des intérieurs est dû à Virginius Bauman. D e 1805 à 1815, on construisit l ’an n ex e , la remise et les é cu ries, une terrasse à amphitéâtre devant le p a la is et un e ferme hollandaise, — on dessina le parc à l’ang la ise et on y pla ça quantité de sta tu es et de pierres commémoratives. Vers 1823, on é lev a des m a isons empire pour les concierges. D e 1834 à 1838, on orna la façade du p a la is de sculptures, on é rigea la sta tu e empire de Na th a lie Sanguszko dans le parc, on construisit le pon t et la porte mauresque, ainsi que le temple dorique et l’aqu educ su iv an t le projet de lien ri Marconi. Vers la fin du XlX -e s., le p a la is commença à tomber en ruines. D é v a sté et p illé par les Allemande, en 1944, il fut occupé l’an n é e su iv an te et devint la résid en ce d’é t é du Président de la R ép u blique. Les tr a v a u x de conservation ont assuré, dans leur première étape, le p a lais contre un e ruine plus grande. On f it de n ou v eau x toits, on mit des vitres a u x fenêtres et l’on combla les fo ssés de tireurs dans le parc. Dan s la seconde étape, on r estaura les intérieurs, on n e tto y a , entre autres, la frise en stu c de 1808, qui représente les fêtes de D y o n y so s , on f ix a la p o ly chrom ie —• n ou v e lle ment découverte, de 1840—45, des chambres „étrusques“. Pour décorer et meubler l ’intérieu r on obtint des meubles empire et d ’autres objets historiques du temps où le p a la is fut construit. D an s le salon demi-ouvert du cô té de la terrasse on a d é couv e rt et restauré au p la fo n d la p o ly chrom ie de Brenne, de 1780. Les tra v au x dé conservation ont ég a lem en t englobé les ann ex e s et le parc. 11 faut encore restaurer les sculptures de décoration et les monuments architectoniques du parc. Un e tâche sp é c ia le c ’est la mise en ordre et la reconstruction du parc à l’ang la ise , un des plus p r é c ieu x de Pologne.

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7 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Notatki Płockie. Kwartalnik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego

8 Lorentz S.

1 1984

1 1980

1 1973

1 1971

1 1967

1 1962

2 1948

Rola i formy mecenatu przemysłu w dziedzinie ochrony zabytków i przystosowaniu ich do potrzeb turystyki

Człowiek i jego środowisko / Stanisław Lorentz.

Przedmowa

Udział Muzeum Narodowego w dziele ratowania Zamku Królewskiego w Warszawie

ICOMOS 1965-1980

Słowo wstępne

Wspomnienie z dawnych lat

Natolin