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1
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Psychologiczne motywacje żołnierskiej brawury w świetle badań nad antyczną inwektywą

100%
Stachura M.
Prace Historyczne
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2014
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vol. 141
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issue 4
PL
Psychologial motivations of soldierly bravado in the light of research on ancient terms of abuseThe contemporary research on the psychology of the battle field should take into consideration the fact that the ancients did not approach the phenomena relating to the sphere of psychology thoughtlessly and unreflectively, yet they looked upon them in a slightly different manner than the contemporary scholars. It was already Plato who defined the difference between the unequivocally positive courage resulting from the decision of the mind, and audacity being the fruit of extra-rational or non-rational conditionings.  The latter appraised positively or else in an ambivalent way in military circles, is regarded as one of the most strongly criticized faults in the political discourse. This ambivalence is well visible in the work of Ammianus Marcellinus which having been written at the close of the ancient era, may be perceived as the epitome of the ancient viewpoint also as regards this issue. An analysis of the various uses of the term audacia with reference to soldierly bravado reveals both the distinction between this attitude and real fortitude (fortitude), as well as its ambivalent appraisal. It seems that the reason of such an ambivalent appraisal may be the ancient man’s fear of those aspects of the human psyche which elude the control of the mind.
2
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Przedstawienie metody szyfrowania informacji ZT-UNITAKOD

100%
Stachura M.
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
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2015
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issue 3(12)
35-53
EN
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which in 1993 had 45 diplomatic missions, stated unequivocally that modern technology is so advanced that it is best to assume the existence of eavesdropping in all settings at all times. In 1992 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs assigned 38,000 secret encrypted messages. Secret letters from the same ministry are transported on 160 different routes by couriers, ie specially trained officers for this purpose. In the sixties crashed the plane, which carried very secret messages, then killed bags with secret diplomatic mail, the rest survived. The situation I described above clearly shows that the best and only secure means of transport can be mailed electronically in encrypted form. The cipher used to encrypt such important state information must be unbreakable. This cipher must be based on mathematical models that exclude human (human factor) from the encryption and decryption process. Only such a cipher can give us one hundred percent effective protection of information.
3
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Charakterystyka podstawowych statycznych metod szyfrowania informacji

100%
Stachura M.
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
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2015
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issue 2(11)
49-62
EN
Information protection methods are to ensure the safe operation of data against unauthorized access. The magnitude that characterizes this safe operation of data is called the effectiveness of the applied algorithm. Efficiency is understood as the degree of information protection against infiltration. Unfortunately, all the previous studies and analyzes of individual methods do not take into account the decisive role of man, which has a great influence on the effectiveness of the applied algorithm. The infiltration, or deliberate infiltration of unauthorized persons into the information collection, is divided into accidental and intentional, in turn, we divide into passive and active. For military computer systems one of the ways of infiltration can be described as computer espionage, which is particularly dangerous.
4
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Żołnierze Justyniana w Afryce – okupanci czy wyzwoliciele?

100%
Stachura M.
Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy
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2022
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vol. XXIII (LXXIV)
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issue 4(282)
67-95
EN
The conquest of the Vandal state by the army of Emperor Justinian is sometimes regarded as the retaking of former Roman provinces and the liberation of the Roman population from foreign rule. However, the Roman commanders operating in those territories did not consider the loyalty of the local inhabitants as something obvious. In fact, they had undertaken several measures aimed at gaining favour with the future subjects of the Roman Empire. The goal of this article is to trace the actions undertaken by the Roman military and administrative authorities towards the civilian population in the recaptured territories as a consequence of the Roman campaign in Africa, as well as the popular response, especially in relation to its possible significance to the course of the military operations in question. The study concentrates not only on the campaign of 533 A.D., but also takes into account the subsequent 15 years of conflicts, during which Roman rule over the recaptured territories became more stable and consolidated.
DE
Die Eroberung des Vandalenstaates durch das Heer von Kaiser Justinian wird manchmal als Rückgewinnung der ehemaligen römischen Provinzen und als Befreiung der römischen Bevölkerung von der Fremdherrschaft gesehen. Die römischen Befehlshaber, die in diesem Gebiet operierten, nahmen die Loyalität der Einheimischen jedoch keineswegs als selbstverständlich hin, sondern unternahmen eine Reihe von Maßnahmen, um die Gunst der künftigen Untertanen des Reiches zu gewinnen. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, sowohl die Handlungen der römischen Armee und Verwaltung gegenüber der Zivilbevölkerung im afrikanischen Kriegsgebiet als auch deren Reaktion, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Durchführung von militärischen Operationen, nachzuzeichnen. In meinen Überlegungen konzentriere ich mich nicht nur auf den Feldzug von 533, sondern betrachte auch die folgenden 15 Kriegsjahre, in denen sich die römische Herrschaft über die zurückgewonnenen Gebiete stabilisierte.
PL
Podbój państwa Wandalów przez armię cesarza Justyniana postrzegany bywa jako odzyskanie dawnych rzymskich prowincji i wyzwolenie rzymskiej ludności spod obcego panowania. Tymczasem rzymscy dowódcy działający na tym terenie nie traktowali lojalności miejscowych jako rzeczy oczywistej, przeciwnie, podjęli wiele działań mających pozyskać przychylność przyszłych poddanych Cesarstwa. Artykuł ma na celu prześledzenie zarówno działań rzymskiej armii i administracji wobec ludności cywilnej na afrykańskim obszarze działań wojennych, jak i jej reakcji, w szczególności w wymiarze mającym znaczenie dla przebiegu wojskowych operacji. W swoich rozważaniach skupiam się nie tylko na kampanii 533 r., ale biorę też pod uwagę kolejnych 15 lat wojen, podczas których stabilizowała się władza rzymska nad odzyskanymi terenami.
5
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Kann die Annahme der weltlichen Kriege in die spätantike Kirchengeschichten als diese Gattung der Geschichtsschreibung an die Mustern der militärisch-politischen Zeitgeschichten annähernd bewertet werden? Der Fall des Kirchenhistorikers Sokrates

100%
Stachura M.
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
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2017
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vol. 5
7-24
PL
The specific nature of Late Antique Church histories in comparison with Greco-Roman historiography is understood as both the outcome of the difference in the narrative’s subject and the particular method of its performance. Apparently, the Church historians’ growing interest in the traditional theme of wars seems to account for this approaching to the “classical” patterns and the blurring of the genre’s specific character. The author argues that this “assimilation” phenomenon was essentially the consequence of the proximity of the main subject of the narration, the history of the Church represented as a story of conflict, while – as the present analysis of some relevant sections from the work of the Church historian Socrates has demonstrated – the narrative of the history of wars would rather play the role of a digression in this narration and the “Divine” commentary on the events being depicted, thus hindering rather than facilitating the assimilating of the “Church History” to the norms determined by the so-called Zeitgeschichten.
6
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The Distant Origins of “Fat Shaming” or why the People of Antiquity did not Ridicule Fat Women

100%
Stachura M.
Studia Ceranea
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2022
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vol. 12
181-213
EN
The phenomenon of “fat shaming” (in particular with its aspect of the especially harsh criticism of the corpulence in young adult women) seems nearly non-existent in the ancient Classical literature. The extant satirical depictions of fatness are uncommon and aimed, almost exclusively, at overweight men. The author of the paper analyses this satirical description, its background in the ancient moral philosophy, as well as comments on plumpness and gluttony in the context of assessments of the female physical beauty. He also attempts to explain how some ancient ideas may have evolved in the attitudes of today, showing some examples from the 19th-century prose as a step in the reshaping of the ancient ideas. Eventually, the author makes an attempt to offer a better understanding of this contemporary phenomenon, which only in some of its elements may be seen as rooted in Antiquity.
7
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Detecting Seasonality via Wavelet Methods

100%
Stachura M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 207
223-232
PL
Wieloskalowa analiza falkowa jest efektywnym narzędziem, które z powodzeniem można stosować do dekompozycji ekonomicznych szeregów czasowych na takie składowe, jak trend, cykl koniunkturalny, cykle sezonowe (różnych skal) oraz szum. W opracowaniu przedstawiono krótki opis modelu teoretycznego analizy wieloskalowej, który następnie zilustrowano na podstawie danych rzeczywistych dotyczących stopy bezrobocia. Przeprowadzone badania empiryczne pokazują, że filtry falkowe we właściwym stopniu odtwarzają szereg empiryczny oraz jego swoiste własności.
EN
The multiresolution wavelet analysis is an effective tool that may be used to decompose an economic time series into its several natural components: a trend, business and seasonal cycles (of different frequencies), and a noise. The article provides a brief description of the theoretical model. The model is illustrated with its application to unemployment rate data. The empirical research carried out shows that cycles detected by wavelet filtering accurately reproduce the empirical series and its intrinsic properties.
8
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k-th record estimator of the scale parameter of the α-stable distribution

63%
Stachura M., Wodecka B.
Statistics in Transition new series
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2022
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vol. 23
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issue 4
203-215
EN
Various techniques of scale parameter estimation have been proposed in the case of alpha stable distributions. In the paper, the authors present an estimation technique that involves the k-th record theory. Although this theory is over 40 years old, its implementation in the classical extreme value theory – being the other cornerstone of the presented approach – is quite new, and tempting. Several theoretical properties of the introduced scale parameter estimators are presented. With the use of Monte Carlo methods, a comparative analysis is performed between the approach based on k-th records and approaches based on Hill’s and Pickands’ estimators. Additionally, the paper uses a real-life data set to illustrate how to effectively apply the k-th record estimator of the scale parameter. The research indicates several advantages of the k-th record approach over its other counterparts, especially when dealing with incomplete information about the underlying sample.
9
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Optymalizacja portfela z zastosowaniem kopuli niesymetrycznych

63%
Stachura M., Wodecka B.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 154
135-143
EN
This paper is some kind of a discussion about both the necessity and possibility of asymmetric copula applications. Presented deliberation is settled in the context of financial portfolio analysis that, in a specific way, requires taking the correlations of the component assets into consideration, which creates an opportunity for asymmetric copula implementation. Mentioned issues are exemplified by real two-asset portfolio optimization.
10
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Alternatywne względem ujęcia Markowitza podejście do szacowania stopy zwrotu z portfela

63%
Stachura M., Wodecka B.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 154
92-101
EN
In the study, two approaches of rate-of-return estimation are compared. One of them, that predominates in practice and that is called by the authors heterogeneous, refers to a separate rate-of-return estimation for every individual asset, and then to an interpolation of obtained values in order to asses rate of return for any portfolio with priorly given proportions of assets. The heterogeneous approach is based on premises concerning a proper method of rate-of-return estimation for individual assets, and a specific method of interpolating estimates for any portfolio as well. In contrast, the other approach, called homogeneous, refers to uniform treatment of all portfolios without exceptions, which leads to a direct rate-of-return estimation for any portfolio with priorly given proportions of assets. The essence of both approaches and discrepancies between them are illustrated with use of properly chosen examples (arbitrary and empirical). Examples' analysis indicates some advantage of the homogeneous approach over the heterogeneous one.
11
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Identyfikacja najbardziej zbliżonych okresów interglacjalnych z ostatnich 600 000 lat na podstawie analizy krzywej izotopowej tlenu (LR04 δ18O)

51%
Stachura M., Wieczorek D., Zieliński A.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2017
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issue 469
177-187
PL
W opracowaniu dokonano identyfikacji najbardziej zbliżonych okresów interglacjalnych w okresie ostatnich 600 000 lat na podstawie analizy krzywej izotopowej tlenu (LR04 δ18O) z użyciem pseudoodległości DTW (dynamic time warping). Analizowane okresy (MIS: 1, 5e, 7e, 9e, 11c, 13a, 15a) wykazują podobieństwa, a równocześnie zaznacza się ich zróżnicowanie na dwa typy. Pierwszy o mniejszych wartościach krzywej δ18O i wyraźnym pojedynczym wierzchołku, a drugi o większych wartościach krzywej δ18O oraz współwystępujących, niekiedy równorzędnych wierzchołkach. Stwierdzone podobieństwo tych okresów może potwierdzać, że w każdym z nich mogły w pełni istnieć warunki interglacjalne, a więc mogło też dochodzić do rozwoju charakterystycznych dla danej strefy klimatycznej formacji roślinnych. Dodatkowo przedstawiono próbę modelowania przebiegu krzywej δ18O z uwzględnieniem wybranych parametrów orbitalnych Ziemi, które są zasadniczymi czynnikami zewnętrznymi cykli glacjalno-interglacjalnych.
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