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Subsydia eksportowe i ich oddziaływanie na światowy handel rolny

100%
Przygodzka R.
Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego
|
2007
|
vol. 02(17)
EN
The article concentrates on the analysis of economic mechanisms of export subsidies, which are currently used in agricultural trade. They induce numerous negative effects, leading to an ineffective allocation of resources on an international scale. The agreement reached in the recent years between WTO member states deals with, among others, a gradual elimination of export subsidies in a longer time span. Thus, more and more often research is done on the potential effects of resignation from using export subsidies. The article presents their short overview.
PL
Artykuł koncentruje się na analizie ekonomicznych mechanizmów subsydiów eksportowych, które współcześnie stosowane są w handlu rolnym. Wywołują one wiele negatywnych efektów, prowadząc do nieefektywnej alokacji zasobów w skali międzynarodowej. Porozumienie osiągnięte pomiędzy krajami członkowskimi WTO dotyczy m.in. rozłożonej w czasie eliminacji subsydiów eksportowych. Coraz częściej podejmuje się zatem badania nad potencjalnymi skutkami rezygnacji ze stosowania subsydiów eksportowych. W artykule zaprezentowano ich niewielki przegląd.
2
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Polityka rolna Unii Europejskiej w świetle mierników OECD

100%
Przygodzka R.
Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego
|
2006
|
vol. 15
PL
Artykuł prezentuje charakter zmian Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej, jakie dokonywały się w ciągu minionych 15 lat, przez pryzmat mierników wsparcia rolnictwa obliczanych w krajach OECD. Najbardziej widoczne jest niewątpliwie dążenie Unii do ograniczania udziału wydatków na realizację tej polityki. Potwierdzenie we wskaźnikach znajdują także działania na rzecz ograniczania instrumentów zniekształcających mechanizm rynkowy.
EN
The article presents the changes in Common Agricultural Policy that have been made within the last 15 years, seen from the angle of agricultural support indicators calculated in the OECD countries. Undoubtedly, the EU is striving to reduce expenses for policy implementation. In addition, undertaking actions for limiting the instruments which distort market mechanisms (coupled policies) is confirmed by the indicators.
3

THEORY OF MICRO-ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCIES OF THE MARKET AS A JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STATE'S INTERVENTIONISM IN THE ECONOMY

100%
Przygodzka R.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2007
|
issue 1(33)
32-44
EN
The article focus on the analysis of the theoretical rationales of state's intervention in economies, which in the theory of a welfare economy are specified as market failures. Generally the theory of micro-economical inefficiencies of the market is not a uniform theory, which means, it is a set of theoretical deliberations of numerous economists, though due to its starting point, which is the structural inability of the market to effectively allocate in Pareto's sense, one might presume that these deliberations are a coherent justification of the state's activity both in the real sphere, as well as in the regulative sphere. The theory of market inefficiencies specified the limits of possibilities of the state's effective actions in economy, and its purpose should be to supplement the market in those areas, in which its effects are different from social expectations.
4

SOCIAL INSURANCE OF FARMERS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE

100%
Przygodzka R.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2006
|
issue 3(132)
191-207
EN
The article deals with the problem of social insurance of farmers as an instrument used by the state to exert an influence on the economic situation of farms. Since premiums and benefits are particularly important factors of this influence an analysis has been conducted of these two elements of the farmers' social insurance system. The results of the conducted analysis show that insurance premiums are a burden of a character resembling taxes and that the greater part of this burden is borne by small farms. On the other hand, the group of small farms also has the highest share in the benefits stemming from the insurance system. Since small farms are only weakly linked to the market it can be stated that welfare function is the most important function of the farmers' social insurance system.
5

PRINCIPLES GOVERNING TAXATION OF FARMS IN EU AND CHANCES FOR THEIR ADAPTATION IN POLAND

63%
Dziemianowicz R. I., Przygodzka R.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2006
|
issue 2(131)
77-88
EN
The system of taxes applied in Polish agriculture requires changes and adjustment to the new economic conditions. It also needs to be rearranged and incorporated into the general tax system, especially as far as the taxation of incomes is concerned. Agricultural activity ought to be subject to the general taxation rules but detailed tax solutions may be applied to ensure proper consideration for its specific character. Such solutions are widely used in the European Union. The authoresses of the article present the most important principles governing the taxation of farms in the European Union, describe the system currently applied in the taxation of farms in Poland and offer suggestions concerning possible direction of changes in that system.
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