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Strategie argumentacyjne w debacie dotyczącej etycznych aspektów dopuszczalności donacji mitochondrialnej

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Michałowska M., Turek J.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2018
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vol. 42
73-94
EN
Bioethical aspects of mitochondrial donation have recently become one of the most debated issues. The growing interest in the philosophical and bioethical problems it generates has become even more visible since mitochondrial donation was legally allowed in Great Britain in 2015. In this paper we will take a closer look at the arguments employed in the debate, such as 1) argument from uncertainty closely connected with an obligation to use safe and already known alternative medical procedures; 2) the threat of losing personal identity; 3) the fear of creating a child of three parents; 4) detrimental outcome of manipulation in the human germ line. We will analyze the arguments showing that they are in fact the result of the lack of precision in employing medical terminology, the simplification of argumentation or the manifestation of ‘status quo bias’.
PL
Bioetyczne aspekty stosowania donacji mitochondrialnej stały się w ostatnim czasie jednym z najintensywniej dyskutowanych zagadnień w obszarze reprodukcji wspomaganej. W naszym artykule przyjrzymy się bliżej najważniejszym argumentom i kontrargumentom tej debaty, takim jak: 1) argument z ostrożności, który nakazuje powstrzymanie się od interwencji, jeżeli nie są poznane jej wszystkie konsekwencje; który to argument łączy się bezpośrednio z nakazem stosowania alternatywnych bezpiecznych terapii; 2) argument z utraty tożsamości; 3) argument z naruszenia struktury społecznej (rodziny); 4) oraz argument z manipulacji charakterystyką przyszłych osób. Poddając je analizie wskażemy, iż wszystkie wynikają z braku precyzji w argumentacji, nadużyć argumentacyjnych, czy też posługiwaniu się stereotypami i uproszczeniami, będąc wielokrotnie wyrazem reakcji ‘status quo bias’.
2
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Turning a blind eye to dying and eroticism: some remarks on contemporary cinema

100%
Jakubowska M., Michałowska M.
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
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2017
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vol. 21
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issue 30
EN
Since the beginning of the cinematographic industry there has been a visible interest in exploring two themes: death and sex, whereas the motif of dying and sexuality/eroticism seem to be mutually exclusive in mainstream movies to such extent that they rarely appear together on the screen. To shed some light on this cinema tendency of separating eroticism from dying we investigate some of the factors of the phenomenon as well as the ones that could have contributed to the shift we have noticed. The majority of films devoted to the subject of dying and eroticism concentrate on a very limited range of visual and narrative schemes. In our paper we present the main clichés, plot and visual schemes, motifs and narrative techniques in contemporary cinema. Although the unique power of the cinema is “matter of making images seen”, it could be argued that the cinema uses not only the command ‘open your eyes to’, but also the command ‘close your eyes to’. In this way, audiovisual culture closes its eye to the entwinement of the motif of dying with the themes of eroticism. 
3
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„Dama w opałach” i „rycerz bez trwogi” – stereotypy genderowe w dyskursie biomedycznym i bioetycznym

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Alichniewicz A., Michałowska M.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2016
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issue 2
4
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Shaping the body of a child. Invasive medical procedures on incompetent patients – some ethical and medical remarks on Ashley’s case.

100%
Michałowska M., Kubicius K.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2020
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vol. 49
5-29
EN
In our paper we present and analyze the case of Ashley X and the treatment she underwent as an example of invasive medical procedures performed on children. The case still remains controversial, and the treatment consisting of growth attenuation, hysterectomy, appendectomy and breast buds removal has both its opponents and proponents. In our paper we have a closer look at some arguments important for ethical analysis of Ashley’s case and treatment. First, for a better understanding of the case we present her medical condition. Secondly, we refer to the classification of therapeutic versus non-therapeutic medical procedures. Thirdly, we examine the issue of surrogate decisions for incompetent patients. Finally, we analyze two vital ethical arguments: a) the right to the open future and b) the criterion of best-interest.
5
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Being Outside the Decision-Loop: The Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation and Brain-Computer Interfaces on Autonomy

81%
Michałowska M., Kowalczyk Ł., Marcinkowska W., Malicki M.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2021
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vol. 56
25-52
EN
Recent advancements in new neural technologies raise bioethical concerns over personal autonomy, which they potentially threaten to diminish or entirely eliminate. Although caution in the application of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) is explicitly urged in almost every study, the debate features a definitional void as to what notion of autonomy is actually adopted by the authors. The focus on autonomy has dominated the debate to such an extent that other essential values seem to be disappearing from the bioethical horizon, becoming less valued, less important, and less visible. This paper examines the autonomy-problem by probing whether DBS and BCIs indeed threaten personal autonomy. The impact of DBS and BCIs is studied on the examples of several illnesses, whereby the well-being of a person and the importance of informed consent are taken into account to assess the influence of these novel medical technologies on autonomy.
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