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Działania wojsk ONUC wobec secesji Katangi (sierpień 1960-styczeń 1963)

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Sołtysiak J., Łódzki U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

2005

vol. 79

Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych

The problem of the secession of Cathanga was the main part of the whole Congo’s crisis. Despite the efforts of the self-appointed president of the provincional government - Moisc Czombe, his separatist movement never gained official international recognition. UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarksjold managed to deploy UN Military Forces to Cathanga by means of diplomatic and peaceful methods, exclusively (12 August 1960). After the murder of the Congolese prime minister Patrice Lumumba, the Security Council in February 1961 called for removal from the Congo of all foregin military, paramilitary and advisory personnel not under the UN Command. After the adoption of the resolution UN soliders began to launch military operations against the Cathanga secessionist. Initially, Cathangese forces allied with mercenaries inflicted a defeat on UN Military Forces, and the United Nations was forced to negotiate terms at a disadvantage. Dag Hammarskjöld was killed in an airplane crash during these negotiations (17 September 1961). After rienforcements had arrived, the UN soliders launched another offensive, with air support, which destroyed the Cathangese secessionist movement (December 1962-Jannuary 1963). The UN Military Forces in Congo achieved definite aims; it had preserved the territorial integrity of the Congo and had removed all mercenaries from Cathanga. Nevertheles the minor principle of impartiality was broken when UN soliders used armed forces to put on concrete political solution in the minor war.

Sprawa rozmieszczenia wojsk ONZ na terenie Konga (15 lipca -12 sierpnia 1960)

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Sołtysiak J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

2007

vol. 81

On 19 June 1960 the UN Security Council passed the resolution no 143 (1960), which enabled the start of the UN Operation in Congo - Operation des Nations Unies Au Congo (ONUC). The operation was to consist of two parts: civilian and military, foreseeing sending UN Armed Forces to Congo. The deployment of UN soldiers in Congo was subject of much controversy at the UN forum. The first month of UN soldiers involvement in Congo’s crisis was of crucial importance for defining the character of the military operation. Controversies arose about the powers of UN soldiers, and the way of placement of Peace Forces in Katanga. The group of countries put pressure to settle the conflict by force. The additional problem was the desire of world powers, competing for influence in Africa, to use the whole conflict to achieve vested interests. There was no agreement as to the way the UN soldiers and their powers were to be used in the face of key Congo’s problems. In that case the character of UN Operation in Congo was brought up for an international discussion. As a result of this discussion, and due to determination of UN Secretary - General Dag Hammarksjold, supported by American diplomacy, the international character of UN military operation was kept. Not using UN Forces to immediate political goals was another success. Despite different pressures, Hammarksjold managed to deploy UN Military Forces to Katanga by means of diplomatic and peaceful methods, exclusively.

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2 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

2 Sołtysiak J.

1 Łódzki U.

1 2007

1 2005

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Działania wojsk ONUC wobec secesji Katangi (sierpień 1960-styczeń 1963)

Sprawa rozmieszczenia wojsk ONZ na terenie Konga (15 lipca -12 sierpnia 1960)