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EN
Crop yields of biomass and its energetic efficiency depend mainly on the selection of annual plants cultivated in rotation under specific climate and soil conditions. The suggested five-field crop rotation is designed for arable farms, specializing in the production of biomass for renewable energy, operating on average quality soils (class IV) with limited precipitation (<550 mm). The results of the selection of plants for the suggested rotation, determined on the basis of field and production experiments conducted in 2007-2011 at the experimental farm Stary Sielec (district of Rawicz), confirmed the possibility of obtaining high yields of economically justified biomass from an area unit.
EN
Polish Council of Ministers (the Cabinet) has undertaken to implement energy policy and committed itself to boost the share of energy produced from renewable energy sources (RES) in the final energy output by 15%, as well as to erect 2,000 agricultural biogas plants that would produce no less than 1,7 bn m³ of biogas by 2020. In order to achieve the above, it is assumed that the biomass will primarily be obtained from cultivated plants to be combusted in combined heat and power (CHP) plants, or fermented in agricultural biogas plants, which will also use waste substrates. The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG-PIB) estimates the demand for biomass to amount by 2020 to 10,0 mln t dry mass, including 3.0 mln t of straw and 2,0 mln t of forest biomass. In order to investigate the usability of cultivated annual plants, a comparison of the following cultivars was performed by the Stary Sielec Experiment Plant from 2007 through 2009: sorghum, maize, hemp, winter wheat, winter triticale, and rye as winter aercrop. The experiment was conducted on light soil occurring on loam (class IV). Therefore the results obtained can be practically applied to the soils of lower agricultural quality given the annual rainfall of < 550 mm. On the basis of the results obtained so far the cultivation of sorghum and maize can be recommended, as these cultivars yield > 20 t/ha of dry mass at low costs (< PLN 10/GJ); another recommendation concerns rye as winter aercrop. The highest energy efficiency was obtained from the cultivation of maize grown for grain, used for power industry in combination with straw (527 GJ/ha). The lowest results (94 GJ/ha) have been obtained when using cereal grain for energy purposes, as it has only 20% of energy efficiency of maize or sorghum. These results prove that it is unjustified to designate grain for combustion (with the exception of contaminated grain).
PL
Zadania podjęte przez Radę Ministrów dotyczące polityki energetycznej Polski, zobowiązują do zwiększenia o 15% udziału OZE (Odnawialnych Źródeł Energii) w energii finalnej oraz pobudowania 2000 biogazowni rolniczych produkujących nie mniej niż 1,7 mld m³ biogazu w 2020 roku. Dla zrealizowania powyższego planu, zakłada się wykorzystywanie głównie biomasy z roślin uprawnych poprzez spalanie w elektrociepłowniach oraz fermentację w biogazowniach rolniczych, wykorzystujących również substraty odpadowe. Zapotrzebowanie na biomasę do 2020 roku wynosi według szacunku IUNG-PIB ok. 10,0 mln ton suchej masy, w tym 3,0 mln ton słomy i 2,0 mln t biomasy z lasu. W celu poznania przydatności jednorocznych roślin uprawnych, przeprowadzono w latach 2007 – 2009 w Zakładzie Doświadczalnym Stary Sielec porównanie następujących gatunków: sorgo, kukurydza, konopie włókniste, pszenica ozima, pszenżyto ozime i żyto jako poplon ozimy. Doświadczenia przeprowadzono na glebie lekkiej zalegającej na glinie (kl. IV). Dlatego ich wyniki będą miały zastosowanie w praktyce na glebach gorszej przydatności rolniczej i opadach < 550 mm rocznie. Na podstawie dotychczas uzyskanych wyników można rekomendować uprawę sorga i kukurydzy, które plonują > 20 t/ha suchej masy przy niskich kosztach produkcji (< 10 zł/GJ) oraz uprawę żyta w poplonie ozimym. Najwyższą wydajność energetyczną uzyskano w uprawie kukurydzy na ziarno, użytkowanej na potrzeby energetyki łącznie ze słomą (527 GJ/ha). Natomiast wykorzystywanie ziarna zbóż na cele energetyczne daje najgorsze wyniki (94 GJ/ha) stanowiące zaledwie 20% wydajności energetycznej kukurydzy lub sorga. Z powyższych powodów przeznaczanie ziarna zbóż na spalanie jest nieuzasadnione (za wyjątkiem ziarna skażonego).
EN
The purpose of the study was to compare the suitability of three verieties of rye for silage (Pastar, Sellino, Magnifico) with grain rye (Horyso) grown as a winter catch crop intended for biomass. Field experiments were conducted between 2011-2013 at the Zakład Doświadczalny Stary Sielec experimental unit, using medium class agricultural soils of good nutritional content located in the region of limited rainfall (<550 mm). On the basis of results obtained, winter rye can be recommended as a source of biomass for the production of biogas both as regards high yield rye for silage and grain rye. The yield of biomass and biogas efficiency per one hectare depend on the genetically conditioned fertility rather than the type of variety grown.
EN
The objective of the study was determination of usefulness of three sorghum varieties (Sucrosorgo 506, Santos, Rona 1) cultivated as primary and secondary crops for the production of bioethanol. Field experiments were carried out in 2013-2015 at the Experimental Farm in Sielec Stary, located in a region with low annual precipitation (below 550 mm) and with low levels of ground water. The yields of the sorghum varieties obtained after cultivation as a primary and secondary crop were compared. Also, the amounts of bioethanol produced from those varieties were evaluated. The results allowed for recommendation of ‘Sucrosorgo 506’ variety for cultivation for biomass as primary and secondary crops, and for production of cellulosic ethanol from its biomass. It was found that ‘Rona 1’ and ‘Sucrosorgo 506’ varieties showed higher ethanol values as the primary and secondary crops than ‘Santos’. Moreover, cultivation of sorghum as a secondary crop with rye as a winter catch crop resulted in higher biomass yields than those obtained from sorghum cultivated as a primary crop. This allows for reducing the costs of obtaining sorghum biomass for bioethanol production.
EN
In 2002, the director of the Institute of Natural Fibers in Poznań commissioned the development of a new variety of hemp, better yielding than currently cultivated, for the needs of the pulp, paper and energy industries. The existing varieties are mainly used to obtain fiber used for the needs of the textile industry or for non-textile purposes (automotive, construction, composite industry, etc.).
PL
W 2002 roku dyrektor Instytutu Włókien Naturalnych w Poznaniu zlecił wyhodowanie nowej odmiany konopi włóknistych, lepiej plonującej od aktualnie uprawianych, dla potrzeb przemysłu celulozowo-papierniczego i energetycznego. Istniejące odmiany służą głównie dla pozyskiwania włókna wykorzystywanego na potrzeby przemysłu włókienniczego lub na cele pozawłókiennicze (przemysł motoryzacyjny, budowlany, kompozytowy itp.).
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