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ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ПРОГРАМ З ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ В КОЛЕДЖАХ ТА УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ США

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Томенко О., Мазний Д.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2016
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issue 2(56)
107-114
EN
The purpose of the article is to determine the characteristics of teaching and degree of efficiency of physical education in the US higher education institutions, depending on their content based on literature analysis. Research methods: the comparative and theoretical analysis of scientific publications, government programs dedicated to the development of higher education in the United States, comparison, generalization and systematization to identify the features of the theory and practice of physical education of US students. Results. According to the American specialists, the majority of young people do not involve in motor activity regularly, despite the large number of studies that indicate its health benefits and quality of life. It is proved that some knowledge about the benefits of exercise is not enough to motivate most young people to start training, emphasizing the need to incorporate well-established habits of students’ behavior. Course for health promotion on the basis of the College should potentially include all the levers of influence on indicators of behavior change. Among the theories that explain how the behavior forms, the most relevant is the ecological model. A characteristic peculiarity of teaching physical education in higher education institutions of the United States is a difference in the effectiveness of its results, depending on their content. There are three types of programs: sports-oriented programs; programs aimed at the assimilation of the conceptual theoretical knowledge required for the formation of the motives and interests of a healthy lifestyle; mixed type programs that are a combination of the first two. Exactly conceptual information about the benefits of physical activity combined with practical sports activity allows for a more effective impact on the health and physical condition of young people than sports oriented programs in pure form as they give higher long-term outcomes in the form of shaped motives and interests to employment by physical activity. Among the information about health which is interesting to the students in the USA, physical activity and fitness take the third rank place. The perspective directions of further research are related to the improvement of the system of physical education of students in Ukraine on the basis of studying the experience of the United States.
2

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ Й РОЗВИТОК ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ У СФЕРІ ОСВІТИ США

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Томенко О., Мазний Д.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2015
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issue 7(51)
444-452
EN
The goal of the article is to determine the prerequisites, features and current trends of physical education development in the field of US education. Methods: the analysis of the scientific and methodological literature and the materials of the Internet, the historical and logical methods. Results. The prerequisites of the origin of physical education in the field of education of the United States are: the Christian ideas, the theory of progressive education, the ideas of humanistic philosophy, deterioration of health of the US population. The peculiarities of physical education development in US education are: the priority of health orientation, the biomedical direction in teachers’ training, the availability of a sports-oriented and professionally-applied direction of physical education in higher educational establishments. The development of physical education in education institutions can be divided into four periods: the first (1885–1920) is the incipience, the beginning of training of «gymnastic teachers», the inclusion as part of the curriculum in elite schools of higher learning; the second (1920–1945) is the widespread, the transition to the new philosophy of «education through the physical», the appearance of physical education in most curricula, the creation of physical education departments; the third (1945–1985) is the creation of a separate academic discipline, the growth of physical education teacher preparation programs at undergraduate and graduate levels; the fourth (1985–2015) is the rethinking, the increasing of the role of research work, the changing of the name from physical education to the names reflecting the particularity of professionally applied physical preparation. The modern trends of physical education development in US educational institutions are the reducing of the number of educational establishments with mandatory physical education, the low public funding, increasing of the role of scientific research for industry development. Analysis of native experience and experience of the specialists of physical education in colleges and universities in the USA shows that the main problem of organization of physical education is inadequate funding. This prevents the introduction of compulsory classes in physical education and encourages the implementation of extracurricular activities. Promising directions of further research are associated with the change of paradigm of physical education of students in Ukraine on the basis of studying the experience of the United States.
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