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EN
There has been a change in the urban-rural relations in recent decades, as a result of increased mobility and intensity of information flow, changes in the production processes and the growing globalization of markets. The old urban-rural division lost its importance for the new ones: the metropolitan areas and those beside metropolitan. This can lead to the end of the traditional urban-rural relations, some signs are already seen. This is already observed in the process of “growing” the cities with their territories to rural areas. The risk of loss of the relationship between urban and rural areas is high because of the growing disproportion between these areas and decreased territorial cohesion. It requires strengthening new and deliberate efforts in regional policy, those that are not “fighting with windmills”, ie will take into account the objective processes already taking place. The purpose of this paper is an attempt to characterise the development of economic and social processes in rural areas and proposals for further action in the context of sustainable development.
PL
W ostatnich dziesięcioleciach, w wyniku rosnącej mobilności oraz intensyfikacji przepływu informacji, zmian w procesie produkcji oraz postępującej globalizacji rynków, doszło do zmiany relacji miasto-wieś. Stary podział miasto-wieś stracił na znaczeniu na rzecz nowego podziału: obszary metropolitalne i pozametropolitalne. Może to prowadzić, a w niektórych przypadkach objawy są już oczywiste, do rozpadu lub końca tradycyjnych stosunków miejsko-wiejskich. Dzieje się tak chociażby ze względu na obserwowany już proces „rozlewania się” miast z ich terytoriów na obszary wiejskie. Ryzyko zaniku więzi i relacji między miastem a wsią jest duże z powodu rosnących dysproporcji rozwojowych między tymi obszarami i zmniejszającej się spójności terytorialnej. Wymaga zatem wzmocnienia nowych i przemyślanych działań w ramach polityki regionalnej, ale takich, które nie będą „walczyły z wiatrakami”, tzn. będą uwzględniały zachodzące obiektywnie procesy. Stąd celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba scharakteryzowania zachodzących procesów w wymiarze ekonomicznym i społecznym na obszarach wiejskich oraz przedstawienie propozycji do dalszych działań w kontekście zrównoważonego i trwałego rozwoju.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie kapitału kulturowego i kreatywnego, które w przypadku regionów słabo rozwiniętych, mogą stać się ważnymi czynnikami rozwojowymi i elementem regionalnej specjalizacji. Dla realizacji celu artykułu zostały wykorzystane różne metody badawcze, obejmujące analizę danych wtórnych, w tym: studia literaturowe dotyczące opracowań zwartych, a także czasopism i innych publikacji, analizy statystyczne, wnioskowanie i synteza. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzić można, że sektor kultury i twórczości, który kwitnie na poziomie lokalnym i regionalnym, dysponuje strategicznymi możliwościami łączenia kreatywności i innowacji dla pobudzenia lokalnych gospodarek, zainicjowania nowych form aktywności, stworzenia nowych i trwałych miejsc pracy, pozytywnego oddziaływania na inne branże oraz zwiększania atrakcyjności regionów i miast. Sektor twórczy i kulturowy stanowi zatem katalizator strukturalnej zmiany wielu stref przemysłowych i obszarów wiejskich, może doprowadzić do „odmłodzenia” ich gospodarki i do zmiany powszechnego wizerunku tych regionów. Kapitał kulturowy i kreatywny jest ważnym czynnikiem gospodarczych i społecznych innowacji, jak również przyczynia się do uruchomienia procesów rozwojowych. Kultura odgrywa ważną rolę w strukturze społeczeństwa i jest ważnym elementem indywidualnego wzrostu i rozwoju.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to present the cultural and creative capital that in the case of underdeveloped areas may become important development factors and elements of regional specialization. To achieve the goal of the paper different research methods have been used, including secondary data: literature studies of the works as well as magazines and other publications, statistical analysis, reasoning and synthesis for the overall study. The statement based on the analyses is that the sector of culture and creativity that booms at local and regional levels has strategic capacities for combining creativity and innovation in order to boost local economies, to initiate new forms of activity, to create new and sustainable jobs, to bring positive impact on other sectors and increase the attractiveness of cities and regions. The creative and cultural sector is a catalyst for structural change in a number of industrial as well as rural areas and can lead to "rejuvenation" of their economies and influence the public perception of these regions. Cultural and creative capital is an important factor of economic and social innovation, and also helps to start the development process. Culture plays an important role in the structure of the population and is an important element for personal growth and development.
EN
Empirical evidence is growing which shows that social capital contributes to economic development on local and regional scales, and is an ubiquitous component and determinant of progress in many kinds of development projects and an important tool for poverty reduction. Today, the importance of social capital for the economy is undisputed. Many scientific papers have been written on this subject but missing are papers on tools and ways to stimulate and develop social capital. This paper makes such an attempt.
PL
W pierwszej części artykułu autor wyjaśnia podejście do innowacji społecznych. Przegląd literatury w tym zakresie pozwala stwierdzić, że mamy do czynienia z dwiema szkołami myślenia: pierwsza opiera się na ujęciu funkcjonalnym, w którym innowacje społeczne postrzegane są jako kreatywne rozwiązania problemów społecznych, w drugiej innowacje społeczne to działania, które mają na celu przekształcanie relacji społecznych, które leżą u podstaw problemów społecznych. W drugiej części artykułu omówione zostały innowacje społeczne w ujęciu funkcjonalnym, na przykładzie podejmowanych działań edukacyjnych w pracy z dziećmi i młodzieżą zagrożoną niedostosowaniem społecznym oraz osobami bezrobotnymi.
EN
The first part of the article explains the approach to social innovations by the author. The literature review in that field states that there are two schools: first is based on a functional approach, in which social innovations are seen as creative solutions to social problems and the other states that social innovations are activities aimed at transforming social relations that form the base of social problems. The second part of the article discusses certain examples of social innovations in functional terms as educational actions in working with children and young people that are at risk of social maladjustment and the unemployed ones.
EN
In this article an attempt was made to answer the question of why economic policy must not only perceive the process of globalization and integration, but should also be led in a way which would exploit the opportunities created for the Polish economy by globalization and economic integration. This particularly applies to developing a long-term strategy for socio-economic growth, and implementation of structural policy, which is financed by the European Union.
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EN
The world is influenced by a deep and prolonged economic slowdown, which has been called the “great recession”. In comparison to the Great Depression of 1929-1933 and previous economic shocks, the current recession takes place in economically and financially integrated world. The ways of dealing with the crisis are different depending on the country and its decision-making level (the central government or local government). The impact of the crisis on different regions is certainly not the same and to a large extent it depends on the national economic and possessed sectoral structure. In the short term crisis effects will influence more regions with an old economic structure which is dominated by the manufacturing sector. However, in the long-term crisis effects can vary in different regions. Since 2009 to the present there have been conducted several studies examining the influence of the crisis on the cities and regions. Some studies analyze a certain sector, for example the real estate markets, the phenomenon of housing exclusion or financial failures in urban areas. Other studies analyze the economic and social outcomes of the crisis on various European and American cities. The other try to analyze the position of local governments in the face of the economic disaster. Regions with specialized manufacturing processes can play an important role in stimulating economic growth despite external shocks, if they are well prepared to recover the balance for domestic and international demand. In the case of structurally weak regions there is a risk that the loss of jobs and businesses in a recession can lead to structurally lower levels of employment and economic activity. Moreover, the reducing employment can be a cause that these regions are more vulnerable to further cuts in public spending in order to minimize the debts in recent years. Such a situation will force the regional policy to search for the ways to increase efficiency and the quality of spent money, for example through collaboration and bottom-up approach to development which mobilize existing entities and resources in the area. It is also important that the actions taken by the state, which meant to lead to more growth cannot be at the cost of limiting the founds given for the research and development as well as innovation and human capital. However, one of the most important experience in time of crisis is to determine the scale of the economic interdependence between regions and countries, and the need for international and inter-regional cooperation and coordination to solve common problems. In addition, the crisis points at the importance of government intervention in the form of both monetary and fiscal policy as well as in minimizing the economic problems. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of how the current financial and economic crisis will have long-term consequences for local and regional development.
7
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Edukacja a rozwój regionalny

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EN
According to contemporary concepts of regional growth, the most important factors of socio-economic development are the quality of human resources and their ability to cooperate. Especially education and constant skills development are important factors and generators of growth in the regions and the country. The experience of economically developed countries show that the economic successes, the high rank of these countries in the world market and the competitiveness increasingly depend on the level of public knowledge and the ability to create and use technical, economic, information, etc., knowledge in the economic terms. In the process of globalization, the quality of human factor plays larger role and regions take over the role of the state more or less. Among the factors influencing the competitiveness of the regions first of all are: - supply of skilled workpower, - opportunities for learning in the region, - demand for a highly skilled work, - certain number of skilled workers willing to improve their skills, - availability of research centres, - quality of education institutions. The main purpose of this paper is to show the relationship between education and socio-economic growth on the case study of West Pomerania. The article discusses: - contemporary growth factors; - education and related factors: the level of education, the impact of education on human and social capital, innovation and discovery, culture and socio- -economic growth; - education and development: on a case study example of structural changes in Western Pomerania, - conclusions and recommendations.
EN
Knowledge is the most valuable resource in the twenty-first century economy which determines the economy development. The importance of natural resources and low-skilled labor decreases, while the role of human capital increases. The economies of highly developed countries are based on the growing resources of educated people with creative and innovative skills, which is a necessary condition for technological, economic and social progress. In order to show the relationship between education and economic development the article discusses: the old and new development paradigms, the fields of educational effects, the state of education in Poland and on that basis certain conclusions are drawn for Poland.
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2018
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vol. 52
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issue 3
123-131
EN
Social phenomena influence the development processes of the economy and for this reason the problem of marginalization and social exclusion is much more significant. In addition, the sense and deepening of the common good with a specific territory manifests itself in the involvement of its inhabitants in the implementation of various types of projects and programs. The involvement of local communities can be the basis for launching development processes which are based on endogenous factors. In this context, the aim of the article is to show how the results of research in the area of neurosciences can contribute to coping with social problems on the example of problem regions, when solving failures repeatedly. This is exemplified by the activation of people who are excluded or at risk of social exclusion.
PL
Zjawiska społeczne wywierają wpływ na procesy rozwoju gospodarki i z tego punktu widzenia istotny jest problem marginalizacji i wykluczenia społecznego. Dodatkowo poczucie więzi z określonym terytorium i chęć pogłębiania wspólnego dobra przejawiają się w zaangażowaniu jego mieszkańców w realizację różnego typu projektów i programów. Zaangażowanie lokalnych wspólnot może stanowić podstawę uruchomienia procesów rozwojowych opartych na czynnikach endogennych. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, w jaki sposób wyniki badań z obszaru tzw. neuronauk mogą przyczynić się do lepszego radzenia sobie z problemami społecznymi regionów problemowych, przy których rozwiązywaniu wielokrotnie ponosi się porażki. Jako przykład posłużyć może aktywizacja osób wykluczonych lub zagrożonych wykluczeniem społecznym.
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