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The cruelty of waking: ahypnotic experience in the world of Franz Kafka

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Chavalka J.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2023
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vol. 71
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issue Special_issue_1
40-66
EN
The study interprets two novels by Kafka (Metamorphosis and Disciplinary Camp), and shows that one of the motives both novels share is the “ahypnotic experience”, i.e., the state in which the character of the story is frightened by sleep, since in sleep he loses control over himself, and is given up to the forces which rid him of of his human form (Metamorphosis). Based on the analysis of the apparatus of torture, interpreted here as “apparatus for producing justice”, the paper argues that for Kafka, the law means not freedom, but inhumanity (Disciplinary Camp). The following part of the paper explains that a similar process is uncovered in Donnarumma’s Amygdala art installation, and poses the question as to whether the increasing autonomy of modern technology intensifies Kafka’s fears of dehumanisation of the world. The final part of the paper offers an alternative conclusion to the problem building on Nietzsche’s understanding of the sense of the sublime.
2
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Will and feeling. Individualism in the philosophy of František Mareš

100%
Chavalka J.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2021
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vol. 69
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issue Special_Issue_1
17-28
EN
František Mareš, a physician and physiologist, was one of the first Czech thinkers to realise the potential of Kant’ thoughts for the modern discussions about man. The article is focused on Mareš’s specific concept of emotion which, at least to a certain extent, differs from the Kantian idea of the structure of human being, and attempts at a certain phenomenology of the “overall organic bond” that Mareš considered to be the cardinal expression of (not only) human life. The main goal of Mareš’s endeavours is to found the individual’s subjectivity, which presupposes a reform of the then medical and cultural praxis. Mareš was firmly convinced that the dominant scientific tendencies which ignored man should be replaced by respect for man’s moral dignity
3
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Individualism rules over both education and the cosmos: (a commentary to a primary source - Tomáš Trnka: The principle of the individuality of the world)

100%
Chavalka J.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue Special_Issue_1
93-102
EN
The paper is an introductory commentary to the chapter The Principle of the Individuality of the World of Trnka’s book Man and His Work, The Philosophy of Culture. First, it deals with Trnka’s work for the Union for Public Education (Svaz osvětový) which transformed into The Masaryk Institute for Public Education (Masarykův lidovýchovný ústav) during the 1920’s. Trnka was wholly committed to it for thirty years. The second part of the paper offers a short introduction to Trnka’s philosophy which takes the concepts of life and death as the fundamental principles of assessment of the value and meaning of one’s life. According to their genealogical dialectics, a life completed by death can be properly evaluated only by new life (offspring) which continues living the values of the previous life. This concept sheds light also on Trnka’s understanding of culture and its importance for humanity.
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