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Między dźwiękiem a obrazem w języku chińskim

100%
Zajdler E.
Applied Linguistics Papers
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2018
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issue 25/1
73-83
EN
Chinese is a tonal language, thus the difference in the tone is directly linked to the word meaning. There are four tones in Mandarin Chinese. The sound pitch is as distinctive as the components of segmental phonemes of the syllabic structure. Different morphemes/words in the Chinese language can sound alike or the same. It is the combination of the components in the Chinese character which can indicate the meaning as well as partially or wholly the pronunciation. In the paper we discuss some radicals of the traditional writing system in the relation to the phonetic components (phonetic indicators) in the picto-phonetic characters (known also as phono-semantic characters). Whoever tries to learn the Chinese language as L2 has to approach the writing system in order to develop the vocabulary and the spoken Chinese language competence.
2

INTRANSITIVITY/TRANSITIVITY AS THE SYNTACTIC FEATURE OF SEMANTIC INFORMATION. THE CASE OF ADJECTIVE COMPLEMENT RESULTATIVE VERBS

100%
Zajdler E.
Linguistica Silesiana
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2008
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vol. 29
15-27
EN
In this paper the authoress presents an analysis of semantic-syntactic interdependence of resultative verbs with an adjective as a resultative complement in Modern Chinese. Within a wide range of semantic-syntactic correlation of resultative complement compounds there is one category worth analysing closely, since it possesses distinctive semantic features typical of an attributional group. This category is that of stative verbs. These resultatives carry both attributive and manner information, conditioned by their interrelation with the nominals or the verb in the sentence. In the traditional approach to such a compound verb, which is formally composed of a verb in combination with a postverb, the V1 implies an action or a process and, broadly spoken, the V2 extends the action/process of the verb V1 towards some kind of resulting state. There are verb-result forms where the second element possesses neither an action nor a process information and thus has nothing to do with activity or inducement. Commonly known as a stative verb, it expresses a state or a manner. Although both a verb and a stative verb act in Modern Chinese as a predicate, the distinctive behaviour of adjectives, in fact acting as intransitive verbs complementing transitive/itransitive verbs, is to be analysed with respect to the relation to the nominals.
3

Umiejętności receptywne a realizacja tonemów języka chińskiego

63%
Zajdler E., Stal A.
Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik
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2013
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issue 8
153-164
EN
It is language teaching and learning that made me focus on the tonal phonemes in Chinese. The lack of tones in their L1s leads to decreased sensitivity to tonal patterns in learners of Chinese as L2. Consequently, the learner does not fully distinguish tonal patters neither in speech perception nor in production. In conversions between a learner and a proficient user of Chinese (such as a native speaker or a teacher of Chinese), both interlocutors need to resort to context (both phonological and semantic) to maintain communication. However, it needs to be remembered that the level of homophony of syllables is very high in Chinese so the ability to perceive and produce tones correctly is critical for communication. The correct perception of a syllable and a tone by a learner determines his or her ability to produce the syllable with sufficient accuracy. The present article compares two studies investigating perception and production of tones by learners of Chinese. One study is a published investigation of production and perception of four Chinese tones by a group of German learners. The other study presents data analysis of the perception test conducted among Polish learners of Chinese. The comparison reveals difficulties in learning tonal languages experienced by German and Polish learners of Chinese. The article emphasizes the need for expanding the sound inventory to the point when each of the four tonal patters is well contrasted with other ones.
4
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Ekspozycja na język tonalny a wrażliwość słuchowa

63%
Zajdler E., Stal A.
Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik
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2016
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issue 16
121-134
EN
The Chinese language is a tonal language. The four tones of Modern Standard Chinese cause difficulties for non-tonal language users. Learning to recognize foreign speech sounds and to distinguish their phonological features is the process influencing the complex auditory ability. This article presents the pilot study of auditory reactions of Polish-speaking people to learning a tonal language. Pure tone audiometry used in the study provides data of the hearing threshold of subjects exposed and not exposed to the tonal language. Results show change in auditory sensitivity, significant for some frequencies of pure tones stimuli. Due to the small scale of the study it is regarded as a preliminary research.
5
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How Polish Students Develop Mandarin Pronunciation through Intensive Training

63%
Zajdler E., Chu M.-n.
Applied Linguistics Papers
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2019
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issue 26/2
103-115
EN
Many studies (McBride-Chang et al., 2008; Bialystok et al., 2005) have shown that the syllable is the basic unit when learning Chinese pronunciation. This study attempts to explore how adult native speakers of Polish (non-tonal language with the alphabet based on Latin script) develop Chinese tonal syllables through intensive training at the beginning level. Students from the Faculty of Philology participated in a four-stage phonetic teaching program and experiment. First, learners exercise excessive articulation of vowels, practicing how to carry the tone. Secondly, students try to assign the meaning to the joined segmental and supra-segmental phonetic units. Then, acquisition of Chinese morphemes/lexemes is supported with characters to differentiate homophones in the learning process. Finally, students are trained to decode the heard syllables in a sequence into meaningful phases and sentences. Next, the pronunciation experiment in two series provides an insight into the development of the Chinese syllable production.
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