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Wielka Wojna Ojczyźniana – bilans wykluczenia

100%
Wojtkowiak J.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2015
|
issue 2(355)
207-216
EN
The article deals with the problem of exclusion and repression of whole social groups by the Stalinist regime during the so called Great Patriotic War. It purports to show that Stalin and his milieu tried to consolidate a majority of the society by means of excluding and subjecting to repressions arbitrarily chosen social groups, seeking in this way to reduce the threat posed by instant successes of the German army in the war against the USSR. The first such group comprised Red Army soldiers who surrendered to the Germans and were prisoners of war – they were declared traitors and so their families were to suffer repressions. Another group consisted of the national minorities residing in the Soviet Union - in 1941 those were Germans and later during the liberation of the country from German occupation it meant whole nations whose representatives collaborated with the German occupants. The author argues that contrary to the claims of the Russian propaganda, victory in the war was not treated by Stalin as the victory of all the Soviet Union citizens.
2
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Szkice do biografii prawników wojskowych Wojska Polskiego, byłych radzieckich wojenjuristów 1. rangi

100%
Wojtkowiak J.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
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2019
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issue 33
356-369
PL
A rtykuł przedstawia losy sześciu prawników wojskowych, Polaków, którzy w latach trzydziestych XX w. służyli w Armii Czerwonej lub wojskach NKWD, w 1936 r. nadano im stopień wojenjurista 1. rangi (odpowiadający wówczas randze pułkownika), a następ- nie wstąpili do Wojska Polskiego. Na podstawie źródeł, pochodzących głównie z archi- wów rosyjskich, zrekonstruowano kariery tych oficerów w okresie ich służby w siłach zbrojnych ZSRR. Pozwoliło to na nakreślenie ich portretu zbiorowego. Wszyscy legi- tymowali się wątpliwym wykształceniem zawodowym, przez wiele lat służyli w orga- nach związanych z systemem represyjnym państwa radzieckiego oraz byli dyspozycyjni wobec organów NKWD w czasie wielkiej czystki (1937–1938). Mimo poddania więk- szości z nich w 1938 r. różnego rodzaju represjom otrzymali rękojmię realizacji w Polsce polityki zgodnej z interesem ZSRR.
EN
T he article presents the life history of six Polish military lawyers who served in the Red Army or in the NKVD forces in the 1930s, were promoted to top ranking war lawyers in 1936 (the equivalent to the former rank of colonel), and afterwards enlisted into the Polish Army. Based on evidence mainly from Russian archives, it was possible to reconstruct the careers of these officers while on service in the armed forces of the USRR. A collective picture was established thereon. There were doubts as to their pro - fessional education since they completed many years of service in bodies related to the repression system of the Soviet state and served the NKVD authorities during the great purge (1937–1938). Although they were subject to various forms of repressions in 1938, they received a guarantee for pursuing a policy in the interest of the USSR in Poland.
3

THE RED ARMY CONTINGENT IN MONGOLIA IN THE YEARS 1936-1938 (Kontyngent Armii Czerwonej w Mongolii w latach 1936-1938)

100%
Wojtkowiak J.
Dzieje Najnowsze
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2008
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issue 3
3-13
EN
Since 1924 Outer Mongolia, which from 1912 was an exclusive sphere of Russian influence, became, as the Mongolian People's Republic, the first satellite of the Soviet Union. Nonetheless, for many years it did not have any Red Army garrisons. The article discusses the first stage in the presence of the Red Army on Mongolian territory (1936-1938). In the summer of 1936, soon after signing the Soviet–Mongolian protocol on mutual assistance (March that year) the Soviet Union brought over a small contingent of its armed forces (some 5 8000 men). These events followed a series of armed incidents along the frontier between Mongolia and Manchuria, at the time under Japanese occupation, when there emerged a chance for an understanding between Japan and the Third Reich - the prime opponents of the Soviet Union on the international arena. The first stage in the year-long presence of the Soviet armed forces in the Mongolian People's Republic was predominantly a demonstration of Moscow's determination to defend Soviet interests in the Far East.
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