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NOVÁ POETIKA STARNÚCEHO MAJSTRA (MARTIN KUKUČÍN: SPOLOČENSKÉ PÔŽITKY)

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Mikulová M.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
|
2020
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vol. 67
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issue 1
36 — 45
EN
After his arrival in Slovakia in 1922, Martin Kukučín received a lukewarm welcome. He was completing his work titled Mať volá/Mother is calling and was spending his time in the archives preparing to write mid-19th century historical novels. The reserved attitude towards him and his whole work was fully revealed after his death in 1928. The most radical criticism of Kukučín´s prose was expressed by leftist writers but he was not spared by older critics either. Kukučín´s attempt at changing his poetics, which occurred in 1923, when he published a feature Spoločenské pôžitky/Social Pleasures in the magazine Slovenské pohľady, was labelled as formalistic and verbalistic. Nobody accepted the fact that his poetics had developed into a new stage of aesthetic maturity showing a clear ambition to overcome the realist means of expression. The prose Spoločenské pôžitky/Social Pleasures represents an exceptional experiment within Kukučín´s work. At the same time it is a playful intermedium lying between the ideological and philosophical novels mentioned above. Against a background of reflecting on the subject of an offence and revenge, the author formulates his opinions about fragile interpersonal relationships as well as timelessness of the moral imperative saying that no deed is left without consequences and everything has to be paid for. This aesthetic purpose is achieved by using sophisticated figures of speech, among which the use of synaesthesia as an anthropological phenomenon is particularly inventive. It links separated sensory domains in order to communicate with the world by means of cognitive and sensual abilities.
2

IDYLA A LIMITY REALIZMU (ŽÁNER AKO MENTÁLNE MÉDIUM)

100%
Mikulová M.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2018
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vol. 65
|
issue 2
130 — 142
EN
The idealistic and idyllic perception of reality in Slovak literature of the second half of the 19th century was seen as a legitimate part of the production of the old generation writers. The falsified image of reality was challenged by the production of the younger authors (Timrava, Tajovský, Jesenský). It their case it was enough to describe undistorted reality to seem polemic, i.e. anti-idyllic in contrast to the old generation of the writers. However, there was a writer who found himself split between the desire for a harmonious world and critical perception of reality – Martin Kukučín. Encouraged by the discussions in the Prague society Detvan he managed to benefit from the stimuli of European literature finding the basis for his philosophical reflections in the fundamental premises – the question of life and death, conscience, egoism, tradition, spiritual harmony and money. On the island Brač in 1896 he began to write a long work of fiction inspired by observations of a local patrician family (the fragments were titled by the Complete Works editors Rodina/Family and Zádruha/Community) with the intention to describe a family idyll, harmony and togetherness. He was very disappointed to discover that the only thing that kept the aging childless siblings together was the wealth, which in line with the family tradition of not dividing the property had no actual heir. Kukučín was disgusted by the realistic depiction of the archaic traditions so much that the text, which he failed to write in an appropriate artistic form for that reason, remained in manuscript. Having had this experience as well as been disappointed by the time spent in Slovakia he wrote in 1896 a short story titled Svadba/Wedding. He did it in a vivid and emotional form of eclogue, and he used its lyric nature to a great extent as his emotional prophylaxis. The protagonist ́s painful polarity between love for the parents and that for a woman suggests an analogy with the writer ́s feelings when he realized he never wanted to come back to his homeland again.
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