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Język Polski
|
2020
|
vol. 100
|
issue 3
113-120
PL
W artykule bliższemu oglądowi poddano rozwój znaczeniowy leksemu gildia. Wzięto pod uwagę dane etymologiczne, leksykograficzne (ze słowników ogólnych historycznych i współczesnych) oraz tekstowe (z korpusu oraz z Internetu). W świetle danych etymologicznych leksem gildia wywodzi się z tego samego źródła, co giełda, ale wyrazy te uległy rozpodobnieniu i funkcjonowały jako odrębne jednostki. Dane leksykograficzne wskazują, że wyraz giełda funkcjonuje w polszczyźnie ogólnej w kilku znaczeniach, natomiast wyraz gildia w znaczeniach ‘stowarzyszenie kupieckie’ i ‘klasa kupiecka’ uznaje się współcześnie za historyzm, jest on jednak obecny w nowych kontekstach interpretacyjnych. Występuje jako komponent nazw własnych z zakresu chrematonimii społecznościowej (w nazwach stowarzyszeń) i marketingowej (w nazwach firm). Ponadto leksem gildia zyskuje nowe, dodatkowe znaczenie w słownictwie specjalistycznym graczy komputerowych. Rozwój omawianego wyrazu jest przykładem szerszych tendencji występujących w leksyce najnowszej polszczyzny.
EN
The paper is dedicated to a close analysis of the semantic development of the lexeme "gildia". The author considered etymological data, lexicographic information (from historical and contemporary general dictionaries), as well as textual data (from the corpus and the Internet). From the etymological perspective, the lexeme "gildia" is derived from the same source as "giełda", but the words were dissimilated and functioned as separate units. Lexicographic data indicate that the word "giełda" is used in general Polish in a few meanings, while the word "gildia" – as ‘merchants’ association’ and ‘merchants’ class’ and is contemporarily regarded as a historicism, however, it is still present in new contexts. It is used as a component of proper names from the field of social chrematonymy (in names of associations) and marketing chrematonymy (in names of companies). Moreover, the lexeme "gildia" acquires a new additional meaning in specialist vocabulary of computer players. The development of the word discussed is an example of broader trends which are visible in the lexis of contemporary Polish.
Język Polski
|
2017
|
vol. 97
|
issue 2
23-33
PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie dziejów frazeologizmu „szewska pasja” w świetle przemian, jakie zaszły w języku i kulturze w odniesieniu do dwóch sfer tematycznych: słownictwa dotyczącego uczuć oraz jednostek utrwalających realia tradycyjnego rzemiosła. Punktem wyjścia są hipotezy dotyczące genezy frazeologizmu, przedstawione z uwzględnieniem szerszego tła kulturowego. W opisie zmian znaczeniowych zostały uwzględnione dane leksykograficzne oraz urozmaicone stylistycznie i genetycznie teksty, w tym nagłówki prasowe oraz nazwy firmowe. Omawiane w artykule przykłady pokazują zmiany w sposobie używania i rozumienia frazeologizmu „szewska pasja” we współczesnej polszczyźnie, związane głównie z rozwojem znaczeniowym komponentu rzeczownikowego.
EN
The aim of the paper is to show the history of the phraseme “szewska pasja” in the light of the changes that have occurred in the language and culture with regard to the two subject areas: vocabulary concerning feel¬ings and expressions preserving realities of traditional crafts. The starting point is the hypothesis concerning the origin of the above-mentioned phraseme, presented in relation to the broader cultural background. In the description of semantic changes lexicographical data as well as stylistically and genetically varied texts, including newspaper headlines and brand names, were taken into account. The examples discussed in the paper show the changes in the way we use and understand the phraseme “szewska pasja” in the contemporary Polish language, mainly related to the semantic development of the noun component.
EN
The paper is an attempt at a synthetic presentation of one research area in phraseology and paremiology, namely the evidence of old material culture preserved in fixed multi-word units. The author considers previous achievements in this field and indicates the options for completing new tasks connected with collecting, describing and analyzing multverbisms motivated by material culture realia, and with an attempt at popularizing scientific reflection on this topic.
EN
The article deals with phraseologisms and proverbs which contain the component łyko (phloem). The analysis of collected material made it possible to reconstruct the linguistic view of old reality connected with low material status of country dwellers and their ability to cope with the difficulties of daily life. Due to the change of reality the discussed units now constitute an archaic part of Polish phraseological and paremiological resources.
EN
The object of analysis in this paper are fixedword combinations (phraseological units and proverbs) with components denoting names of agricultural tools. They were used to conceptualize numerous ideas connected not only with the appearance of tools and agricultural work done, but also with various aspects of individual and collective life. Most of the analysed phrasemes already belong to the recessive sphere of phraseology. In order to understand them completely, it is necessary to have some knowledge of what they look like, what purpose they served and what kind of work was done with their use, which is not always clear to people who don’t know anything about the village reality.
XX
The material basis of the paper are the names of Polish female associations from the 30s of the 20th century. The analysis involves components used to expose feminine qualities – general names (kobieta, pani, niewiasta – ‘woman, lady’), as well as detailed ones, which were categorised according to the information they contain. These are the elements of the world, which in addition to gender, constitute a basis for communality of the members: social and professional status, educational background, participation in military activities, social activity sphere, or common interests. The material presented in the paper shows that in the Second Polish Republic the need for exposing femininity and emphasising communality was very strong in the names of associations.
EN
The article discusses names of associations, hitherto unresearched, from the interwar period in Poland in terms of the linguistic worldview they are a testimony to. Analysing lexical components of the names reflects great care taken of restored statehood in several domains: the Republic’s integration and firm establishment of Polishness throughout, economic and cultural development, civic education and strengthening the state’s defence.
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