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Bārdainā vīra krūzes. 16. gs. Reinzemes keramikas importa atradumi Latvijā

100%

Ose I.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

2021

vol. 25

6-18

The so-called Bartmann jug is one of the typical forms of the German stoneware tableware produced in the pottery workshops situated near the River Rhine, especially in the Cologne region, in the post-medieval period. The characteristic decoration on the neck of these jugs is a large and expressive bearded man’s mask. Bartmann jugs – just like other items of German stoneware – were widely exported to the Baltic Sea region. Some dozens of Bartmann jugs’ fragments have been found in Latvia during archaeological excavations in the second half of the 20th century. Using Latvian finds, this paper briefly describes the transformation of the bearded mask and the development of other decorative applications on these jugs during the 16th century. Foreign parallels have allowed us to determine the approximate date and place of production of the Latvian finds. Current research suggests that fragments of Bartmann jugs were mostly excavated in Riga Old Town. They are stored in the Museum of the History of Riga and Navigation. There are also several archaeological finds from the cultural layers of some castles situated near the Gauja River. Smaller stoneware jug fragments decorated with four bearded masks were excavated in Turaida castle, which belonged to the Archbishop of Riga till the mid-16th century. They are stored in the Turaida Museum Reserve. A large collection of ceramics was found during excavations at Cēsis castle, the residence of the Master of the Livonian Order in the first half of the 16th century. It includes large fragments of four Bartmann jugs with applications of bearded men’s faces and several smaller sherds with friezes and medallions that decorated the body of these stoneware jugs. It is possible that Bartmann jugs have also been in Āraiši castle, situated not far from Cēsis, but only small sherds with probable décor of the body were found there, not the bearded masks. Remains of the Bartmann jugs have also been found in two castles near the lower reaches of the Daugava River – in the excavations of the Ikšķile and Salaspils castle ruins. The archaeological ceramic collections from Cēsis, Āraiši, Ikšķile and Salaspils are stored in the Latvian National History Museum and have yet to be published.

No lauskām līdz krūzei. Dažas atziņas par Turaidas pils izrakumos atrasto 13. gs. un 14. gs. sākuma importa sarkanmāla keramiku

63%

Ose I., Dumpe B.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

2019

vol. 23

6-14

This article presents one outstanding group of medieval pottery imported to Livonia in the 13th and early 14th centuries – highly decorated lead- glazed redware. Several jugs graphically reconstructed from fragments found during archaeological excavations at the Turaida Castle ruins are examined more closely. Some 8000 ceramic sherds were found during the course of archaeological excavations at Turaida Castle (German – Treiden) from 1976–2000 under the direction of archaeologist Jānis Graudonis but they were not researched and dated. This collection is held by the Turaida Museum Reserve. In the last decade, the museum has begun research of the archaeological collections and already several catalogues have been published. During the research carried out for the ceramic catalogue published in 2019, about two dozen fragments of highly decorated redware covered with coloured lead glazes were found among other ceramic finds. They were sorted by the visually identifiable distinctive marks on the sherd, as well as the motifs of the décor and glaze tones. In this way, parts of more than seven jugs could be distinguished.

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2 Makslas Vesture un Teorija

2 Ose I.

1 Dumpe B.

1 2021

1 2019

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Bārdainā vīra krūzes. 16. gs. Reinzemes keramikas importa atradumi Latvijā

No lauskām līdz krūzei. Dažas atziņas par Turaidas pils izrakumos atrasto 13. gs. un 14. gs. sākuma importa sarkanmāla keramiku