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Rhematizers Revisited

100%
Hajičová E.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 2
57-70
EN
In our contribution, we have tried to re-examine the previous findings on the properties of a certain class of particles, and we have come to the following conclusions: (i) there is a special class of particles that have a specific position in the TFA of the sentence; (ii) these particles have some common features with negation; (iii) these particles called in literature rhematizers, focalizers or focusing particles need not be restricted to a position indicating the focus (rheme) of the sentence; rather, they can occur also in the topic of the sentence; (iv) there can be more than a single focalizer in a sentence; (v) it is therefore necessary to distinguish between the focus of the whole sentence and the focus of a focalizer; (vi) the scope of a focalizer has important consequences for the semantic interpretation of the sentence; (vii) a consistent annotation of language corpora that takes into account the topic-focus articulation of the sentences as a component part of the underlying sentence structure makes it possible to get a deeper and broader insight into the issue under investigation.
2
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On scalarity in information structure

100%
Hajičová E.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2012
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vol. 22
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issue 2
60-79
EN
In the present paper, different scales discussed in the relevant linguistic literature are characterized and compared, first of all those that are related in some way or another to the information structure of the sentence. We then introduce our scale based on a partial ordering of mental images in the stock of knowledge assumed by the speaker to be shared by him and the hearer during the discourse. This hierarchy has a cognitive background but is reflected in the structure of the sentence, be it its information structure, or the types of referring expressions. The activation scale and its impact is then illustrated on a segment of parallel English and Czech text.
3
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Funkční generativní popis - rámec pro konzistentní popis gramatiky

39%
Panevová J., Hajičová E., Kettnerová V., Kolářová V., Lopatková M., Mikulová M., Ševčíková M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2020
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vol. 103
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issue 1-2
55-78
EN
In the present contribution, the main constitutive features of the Functional Generative Description as proposed by Petr Sgall and his collaborators are introduced together with a brief characterization of selected Czech grammatical phenomena within this framework. These phenomena include above all verbal and nominal valency and related issues and topic-focus articulation, esp. in relation to negation and presupposition. Criteria for the determination of valency members are proposed together with the changes in the valency structure connected with the application of different diatheses and alternations. The role of valency requirements in complex predicates is described and exemplified by means of derived structures. The other phenomenon investigated is connected with reflexive and reciprocal constructions. Furthermore, attention is devoted to the categorization of deletions and the related phenomenon of the general participant, and also to various comparative constructions that are described as constructions with surface deletions. The constructions introduced by the Czech preposition kromě ‘besides/instead of’ are used as an illustration of how their deep representation looks. The main tenets of FGD have been applied, verified and further refined in the Prague Dependency Treebank family and valency lexicons, which are briefly characterized here as well.
4

Zachycení výstavby textu v Pražském závislostním korpusu

39%
Zikánová Š., Poláková L., Jínová P., Nedoluzhko A., Rysová M., Mírovský J., Hajičová E.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2015
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vol. 76
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issue 3
163-198
EN
Language corpora annotation schemes cover various layers of sentence description nowadays – from morphology to semantics. Annotation projects concerning phenomena beyond the sentence boundaries, however, started to attract the attention of corpus linguists only recently. In the present contribution, we describe a unified approach to analysis of discourse phenomena, aimed and developed for a large-scale annotation of Czech empirical data of the Prague Dependency Treebank. This approach is based on two fundamental pillars: (i) it exploits the results of one of the first complex schemes for discourse annotation proposed and realized in the Penn Discourse Treebank for English; (ii) it follows the Praguian Functional Generative Description and treebanking tradition, taking advantage of the tectogrammatical (underlying) layer of sentence analysis and extending it to a full discourse-level description. Our analysis concentrates on two major aspects of discourse coherence: (i) on discourse relations (semantic relations between discourse segments) and discourse connectives as their lexical anchors; and (ii) on coreference and the so-called bridging anaphora. We present a detailed description of the annotation scheme and procedure, address individual problematic issues and offer basic corpus statistics and annotation evaluation.
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