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EN
The study presents an analysis of the communicative function of word in contemporary Indian poetry. With reference to Jerzy Smolicz’s concept of core values, it discusses several examples drawn from the poems of Ashok Vajpeyi with the aim at showing that, in the context of a multicultural and multilingual society, the language of contemporary Indian poems (in this case written in Hindi) not only remains in itself a core value, but it also becomes the prime carrier of axiological senses.
EN
The paper presents select distinctive results of Polish fascination with the poetry of Rabindranath Tagore, placing this phenomenon in the sphere of universalization within the syntagma of Polish national culture. The translations of Tagore’s poetry are presented as the first stage of the process of intercultural communication, based on the understanding of these literary works in the allegorical and symbolic styles of reception. Subsequently, the literary translations are perceived in the style of aesthetization. This style of reception of a work of art induces the occurrence of transcriptions of literary works – from the sign system of language into the sign system of music. Musical compositions found in contemporary Polish music are examples of concretizations of literary works.
EN
Artistic expression of the idea of freedom in Hindi poetry of the first half of the 20th century evolved from a desire for political autonomy, through a need for social emancipation, towards a desire for freedom of artistic imagination. Since the notions of freedom and artistic individuality – understood in the European manner – did not exist in India, a demand for creative freedom meant not only breaking the accepted aesthetic and artistic rules through introducing a new style or the spoken idiom, but also by rejecting the world‑view, determined by the religious and philosophical tradition. This article presents some of the consequences of a distinctive artistic revolt, which on the philosophical level meant simply a desire for the signified to become one with the signifier, and on the strictly literary level – a desire for transgression beyond stereotypes (such as aesthetic cannon, style, etc.), towards the modern form of poetry existing in language.
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From Africans in India to African Indians

63%
EN
The first migrations of people from Africa to the Indian Subcontinent took place about fifty‑sixty thousand years ago. However, most of the Indo‑African population of India came to the Subcontinent in the last five hundred years. They became naturalized to both the Indian culture and the Indian way of life reasonably quickly, they became involved in politics and social disputes, and many of them rose to a high authority in the Indian society. The aim of the article is to show the status development of Africans in India and the change in social attitude towards them, by means of an analysis of examples chosen from the history of African settlement in India.
EN
The article presents the results of research carried out mainly on Mahatma Gandhi’s written statements which the authors refer to both a historical and socio -political background. It is the first part of the planned two -part study on mutual relations between Mahatma Gandhi’s satyagraha and South Africa, therefore it is focused on the interdependencies between the origin of the idea and the place where it was invented. The authors seek to answer two main questions: 1) whether Gandhi has entered into a dialogue with the native people of South Africa, and 2) whether Gandhi’s idea of non -violent fighting for social rights included the native population of South Africa. The study also presents an outline of the evolution of Gandhi’s attitudes towards Africans and the Coloured People.
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