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EN
Today’s situation of foreign languages in Poland, especially French and German, cannot be explained satisfactorily without an analysis of its genesis in times of the Cold War. Due to various international and internal factors, the People’s Republic of Poland applied a language policy that caused a clash between historical traditions in Polish-French respectively Polish-German relations and geopolitical imperatives as well as sometimes the culture policies of France and the German states (FRG, GDR). A decisive factor was also the instrumentalization of patriotism by the Polish United Workers’ Party in support of communism, which favoured nationalist attitudes towards foreign countries and a closure of Poland. Only the end of the regime gave the opportunity for a liberalization of language teaching and learning.
PL
Dzisiejszej sytuacji języków obcych, zwłaszcza francuskiego oraz niemieckiego, w Polsce nie da się wyjaśnić w sposób wyczerpujący bez analizy jej genezy w okresie zimnej wojny. Z powodu różnych czynników zarówno międzynarodowych, jak i wewnętrznych Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa zastosowała politykę językową, w której tradycje historyczne w stosunkach polsko-francuskich oraz polsko-niemieckich kolidowały często z uwarunkowaniami geopolitycznymi, a czasem nawet z polityką kulturalną Francji oraz państw niemieckich (RFN, NRD). Decydującym czynnikiem stała się również instrumentalizacja patriotyzmu przez PZPR na rzecz komunizmu, która spowodowała nacjonalistyczne podejście do zagranicy i zamykanie się kraju. Dopiero zmiana ustrojowa w roku 1989 umożliwiła liberalizację nauki języków.
EN
:In the article the author suggests a change of perspective in the analysis of the process of normalization of Polish-German relations after the Second World War: he presents the benefits of viewing those relations as a triangle with its own dynamics, based on the sociological concept of the 'triad' first formulated by Georg Simmel and later applied to political sciences with reference to international relations by Theodore Caplow, among others. Such a trilateral view allows for a more precise understanding of normalization as a change of norms in the difficult Polish-German relations. What is more, interrelations between the FRG-GDR relations and Poland's relations with both of the German states open the possibility to treat the normalization process as a single issue that can be subjected to periodization in order to bring out clearly various mutual dependencies.
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