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System ochrony uchodźców w wymiarze uniwersalnym – perspektywa instytucjonalnoprawna

100%
Mejsak R.
Studia Podlaskie
|
2012
|
vol. 20
267-284
EN
Te purpose of the study is to present the processes of shaping a universal system of refugee protection. Te task is limited to a brief presentation of institutions and basic acts of international law including, in particular, the analysis of contemporary prerequisites of gaining international protection. Te study does not comprise the analysis of solutions of the discussed issue on a regional and national level. Te text is divided into three parts. Te first part discusses circumstances of granting international protection to refugees before 1939. Te information about the countries of origin and a direction of movement of forced migrants are presented therein. First international institutions functioning within the frames of the League of Nations dedicated to the issue of refugees - Office of High Commissioner for Russian Refugees in Europe and Office of Commissioner for Refugees Coming from Germany, as well as legal bases of their activity are characterized therein. Te second part concerns the process of shaping a system of protection after the II World War. Te author presented specificity of implementation and functioning of the system characterizing such organizations as: United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, International Refugee Organization and Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Te third part of the study is devoted to the analysis of the principles of granting and losing as well as excluding individual protection of forced migrants based on the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugee of 1951 and the New York Protocol of 1967. Te author paid particular attention to the way of understanding the concept of discrimination as an elementary criterion of obtaining conventional protection. Te manner of the phenomenon’s diagnosis includes the opinion of doctrine and contemporary jurisdiction.
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Dystans społeczny jako element postawy wobec grup obcych w środowisku lokalnym na przykładzie mieszkańców Białegostoku

51%
Sztop-Rutkowska K., Kiszkiel Ł., Mejsak R.
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
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2013
|
vol. 22
139-156
EN
Te inspiration to write this article were studies on the attitudes of tolerance among the inhabitants of Bialystok, completed in August 2013 as a result of the events that took place in the capital of Podlaskie province during the past years. Te severity of the acts of intolerance and high media impact of these acts very negatively afected the image of the city. To counter the intolerant vices, the city commissioned a quantitative study measuring the attitudes of Bialystok citi-zens towards foreigners. Te result of studies was social diagnosis that describes the level of intolerance of Bialystok inhabitants. In this paper the authors pre-sent selected results, focusing in particular on the scale used to measure social distances, which is called Bogardus scale and related indicators probe indigeno-us attitude towards foreigners. Te authors present current and accurate data on the distances to the surveyed social and ethnic groups, and compare them to the corresponding studies from Poland.
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