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EN
Presented study focuses on quartz crystal finds in archaeological contexts, from the late prehistory through ancient history to the medieval period. Presence of artefacts made of crystal, as well as pieces of raw semi-precious gemstone variations of quartz on different types of archaeological sites and in features dated to the wide time range are analysed. Main impulse for writing this paper was the discovery of a unique crystal icosahedron in the horseman grave 208/87 at the graveyard from the period of Avar Khaganate in cadaster of municipality Čataj, location Zemanské-Gejzove, district of Senec. This artefact, together with similar finds dated to earlier or later time periods, are viewed in wide chronological and geographical context. The authors search for similarities and differences between them, and try to explain them. Selected finds of quartz crystal and beads made from this material from the territory of Slovakia, dated from the prehistory, but mostly to early historical period and Middle Ages, were analyzed using the Raman spectroscopy method.
EN
The aim of the submitted study is to determine physical characteristics on selected groups of glass beads from the Early Bronze Age (HA) and the Hallstatt period (HC, HD) from northern, southwestern and southeastern Slovakia by means of non-destructive methods. We obtained data on the character of the glass beads’ quality using a binocular magnifier, microscope, Raman spectroscopy, absorbtion spectroscopy (UV-VIS-NIR), The analyzed collection of beads (from the burial grounds in Chotín, Ždaňa, Ilava, the cave settlement of Háj and the hillfort in Smolenice) contained various colour variants of glass beads (blue, green, yellow and black; brown clay or clay/ceramic beads are reported too) as well as various shapes. From the total number of analyzed beads (161 exemplars), clay or combined clay/ceramic beads are most frequent (74 exemplars). 16 exemplars were made of amber, one was made of another material and 70 exemplars were glass beads. Basic physical quantities were studied on black, blue, green and yellow glass beads.
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NOVÉ NÁLEZY STAROMAĎARSKÝCH HROBOV V LUŽIANKACH

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EN
The northern periphery of occurrence of conquering Hungarian burials represents an important area of investigation of conquering Hungarian finds from the Early Middle Ages. Four burials discovered in Lužianky, Pri majeri site, belong to the group of finds with unmistakeable character of material culture and specific burial rite. The aim of the article is a multidisciplinary analysis of the burials in question. It includes spectrometry, whose goal is detection of composition of metal artefacts discovered in those burials. Remains of human individuals underwent anthropological analysis, animal bones were studied by means of archaeozoological analyses. Plant remains from the burials, i. e. remains of wooden artefacts, were analysed by archaeobotanical analysis. Last but not least, the relevant burials were studied from the aspect of archaeology, i. e. by means of analysis of material culture and burial rite.
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